{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T08:03:28Z","timestamp":1771488208460,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe the use of transvesicular percutaneous cystolithotomy for the retrieval of cystic and urethral calculi and to report the outcome in dogs and cats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201423 dogs and 4 cats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records were reviewed for signalment, procedure time, stone number, stone location, pre- and postoperative radiographs, procedure-associated complications, and short-term outcome. A ventral midline approach was made into the abdomen over the urinary bladder apex. A screw cannula was inserted at the bladder apex for normograde rigid and flexible cystourethroscopy. All uroliths were removed via a stone basket device and retrograde flushing and suction. Long-term follow-up (1 year after surgery) information was obtained by telephone or e-mail contact with owners.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201427 animals with cystic and urethral calculi were included. Median patient weight was 8.3 kg (18.3 lb; range, 1.8 to 42.6 kg [4.0 to 93.7 lb]). Urolith number ranged from 1 to &gt; 35 (median, 7). Urolith size ranged from &lt; 1 to 30 mm (median, 4.5 mm). Fifteen of the 27 animals had a previous cystotomy (range, 1 to 5 procedures). Median procedure time was 66 minutes (range, 50 to 80 minutes). All patients were discharged within 24 hours. No postoperative complications were reported at the time of suture removal. At the time of long-term follow-up, the 22 clients that could be contacted were satisfied with the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Transvesicular percutaneous cystolithotomy may decrease the need for urethrotomy, serial transurethral endoscopic procedures, and abdominal insufflation associated with other minimally invasive interventions currently available. This procedure also provided excellent visualization for bladder and urethral luminal inspection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.3.344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T07:03:16Z","timestamp":1312182196000},"page":"344-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Transvesicular percutaneous cystolithotomy for the retrieval of cystic and urethral calculi in dogs and cats: 27 cases (2006\u20132008)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Runge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allyson C.","family":"Berent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp D.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chick","family":"Weisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Disease mechanisms in small animal surgery","first-page":"427","article-title":"Bacterial infections of the canine and feline urinary tract: cause, cure, and control","author":"Osborne","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Current veterinary therapy XII","first-page":"996","article-title":"Canine and feline calcium phosphate urolithiasis","author":"Osborne","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Current veterinary therapy XII","first-page":"985","article-title":"Management and prevention of urate urolithiasis","author":"Ling","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery","first-page":"1629","article-title":"Urinary bladder","author":"Waldron","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"342","article-title":"Resection of inflammatory polyps in dogs using laparoscopic-assisted cystoscopy","volume":"43","author":"Rawlings","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"531","article-title":"Simple continuous closure of canine scrotal urethrostomy: results in 20 dogs","volume":"32","author":"Newton","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1286","article-title":"Comparison of laser lithotripsy and cystotomy for the management of dogs with urolithiasis","volume":"234","author":"Bevan","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"763","article-title":"Frequency of incomplete urolith removal, complications, and diagnostic imaging following cystotomy for removal of uroliths from the lower urinary tract in dogs: 128 cases (1994\u20132006)","volume":"236","author":"Grant","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"419","article-title":"Recurrence of canine urolithiasis","volume":"170","author":"Brown","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"178","article-title":"Management of canine calcium oxalate urolith recurrence","volume":"20","author":"Lulich","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"759","article-title":"Use of laparoscopic-assisted cystoscopy for removal of urinary calculi in dogs","volume":"222","author":"Rawlings","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Use of electrohydraulic lithotripsy in 28 dogs with bladder and urethral calculi","volume":"22","author":"Defarges","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1680","article-title":"Use of laser lithotripsy for fragmentation of uroliths in dogs: 73 cases (2005\u20132006)","volume":"232","author":"Adams","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1279","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of laser lithotripsy in fragmentation of urocystoliths and urethroliths for removal in dogs","volume":"234","author":"Lulich","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"283","article-title":"Voiding urohydropropulsion. 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