{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:54:41Z","timestamp":1787025281975,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To assess the diagnostic utility of transurethral cystoscopic biopsy in dogs with histologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder and urethra.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201492 dogs with histologically confirmed TCC.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Information on sex, breed, neuter status, body weight, tumor location, biopsy method, number of biopsy procedures, experience level of clinician performing biopsy, and quality of biopsy sample was obtained from medical records. The association of variables with likelihood of achieving a diagnostic-quality biopsy sample was evaluated by use of logistic regression.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014If used as the initial biopsy method, cystoscopic biopsy samples were of diagnostic quality in 65% of male dogs and 96% of female dogs with histologically confirmed TCC. Cystoscopic biopsy samples were significantly more likely to be of diagnostic quality in female dogs than in male dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Cystoscopic biopsy is an effective method to obtain biopsy samples in dogs with TCC of the bladder and urethra. Cystoscopy is more likely to produce a diagnostic-quality biopsy sample in female dogs with TCC than in male dogs with TCC. Cystoscopy should be considered as a primary means of biopsy in male and female dogs with masses of the urinary bladder or urethra.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.3.350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T03:03:16Z","timestamp":1312167796000},"page":"350-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Results of biopsy via transurethral cystoscopy and cystotomy for diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and urethra in dogs: 92 cases (2003\u20132008)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Michael O.","family":"Childress","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry G.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Ramos-Vara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynetta J.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Constable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah W.","family":"Knapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Withrow and MacEwen's small animal clinical oncology","first-page":"649","article-title":"Tumors of the urinary system","author":"Knapp","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"597","article-title":"Management of transitional cell carcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Henry","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"145","article-title":"Canine bladder and urethral tumors: a retrospective of 115 cases (1980\u20131985)","volume":"6","author":"Norris","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"129","article-title":"Urinary bladder neoplasia in the dog; a review of seventy cases","volume":"24","author":"Burnie","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery","first-page":"2445","article-title":"Urinary system","author":"Lanz","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"131","article-title":"Urethral tumors in dogs","volume":"31","author":"Davies","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"50","article-title":"Needle-tract implantation following US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, urethra, and prostate","volume":"43","author":"Nyland","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd","first-page":"314","article-title":"Needle tract implantation after fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and adenocarcinoma of the lung","volume":"149","author":"Vignoli","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"413","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided catheter biopsy of the lower urinary tract: technique and results in 12 dogs","volume":"37","author":"Lamb","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"480","article-title":"Partial cystectomy for urinary bladder neoplasia: surgical technique and outcome in 11 dogs","volume":"37","author":"Stone","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1811","article-title":"Surgically induced tumor seeding in eight dogs and two cats","volume":"196","author":"Gilson","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Cornell Vet","first-page":"263","article-title":"Presumptive subcutaneous surgical transplantation of a urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma in a dog","volume":"79","author":"Anderson","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"BSAVA manual of canine and feline nephrology and urology","first-page":"192","article-title":"Cystoscopy","author":"Adams","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"789","article-title":"Uroendoscopy: evaluation of the lower urinary tract","volume":"31","author":"Cannizzo","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","first-page":"52","article-title":"Cystoscopy: techniques and clinical applications","volume":"20","author":"Messer","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"571","article-title":"Cystoscopic examination of male and female dogs","volume":"115","author":"Cooper","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Lab Clin Med","first-page":"650","article-title":"Cystoscopy in male and female dogs","volume":"13","author":"Vermooten","year":"1930"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"185","article-title":"Cystoscopic examination of female dogs","volume":"57","author":"Barringer","year":"1947"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"75","article-title":"The diagnosis of bladder disease in dogs by cystoscopy","volume":"28","author":"Brearley","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Cancer: principles and practice of oncology","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Cancer of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis","author":"Shipley","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"J Endourol","first-page":"861","article-title":"Accuracy of cystoscopy in predicting histologic features of bladder lesions","volume":"19","author":"Mitropoulos","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"275","article-title":"Grading and staging of bladder carcinoma in transurethral resection specimens: correlation with 105 matched cystectomy specimens","volume":"113","author":"Cheng","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Campbell's urology","first-page":"111","article-title":"Basic instrumentation and cystoscopy","author":"Carter","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/239\/3\/javma.239.3.350.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/239\/3\/javma.239.3.350.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/239\/3\/javma.239.3.350.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T08:49:08Z","timestamp":1741337348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/239\/3\/javma.239.3.350.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.239.3.350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]}}}