{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:40:31Z","timestamp":1785498031990,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nObjective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare clinical features of cryptococcosis among cats and dogs in California, determine whether the distribution of involved tissues differs from distribution reported previously in a study in southeastern Australia, and identify Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic> spp isolated from the study population.<\/jats:p>\nDesign<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\nAnimals<\/jats:bold>\u201462 cats and 31 dogs with cryptococcosis.<\/jats:p>\nProcedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of cats and dogs with cryptococcosis were reviewed. Information collected included geographic location, species, signalment, and tissues or organs involved. Cryptococcosis was confirmed via serology, cytology, histology, or microbial culture, and molecular typing was performed. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine significant associations among variables. Other comparisons were evaluated via \u03c72<\/jats:sup> or unpaired t<\/jats:italic> tests.<\/jats:p>\nResults<\/jats:bold>\u2014American Cocker Spaniels were overrepresented, compared with other dog breeds. Serum cryptococcal antigen test results were positive in 51 of 53 cats and 15 of 18 dogs tested. Cryptococcus gattii<\/jats:italic> was more commonly detected in cats (7\/9 for which species identification was performed), and Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> was more commonly detected in dogs (6\/8). Six of 7 C gattii<\/jats:italic> isolates from cats were molecular type VGIII. Distribution of involved tissues was different between cats and dogs in California and between populations of the present study and those of the previously reported Australian study.<\/jats:p>\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Strains of Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic> spp appeared to have host specificity in dogs and cats. Differences in lesion distribution between geographic locations may reflect strain differences or referral bias. Antigen assays alone may not be sufficient for diagnosis of cryptococcosis in cats and dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.3.357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T07:03:16Z","timestamp":1312182196000},"page":"357-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Clinical features and epidemiology of cryptococcosis in cats and dogs in California: 93 cases (1988\u20132010)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Sameer R.","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik R.","family":"Wisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wieland","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly K.","family":"Sturges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynelle R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Infectious diseases of the dog and cat","first-page":"584","article-title":"Cryptococcosis","author":"Malik","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Mycologia","first-page":"821","article-title":"Morphogenesis of Filobasidiella neoformans, the sexual state of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"68","author":"Kwon-Chung","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"PLoS One","article-title":"Genetic diversity of the Cryptococcus species complex suggests that Cryptococcus gattii deserves to have varieties","volume":"4","author":"Ngamskulrungroj","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"FEMS Yeast Res","first-page":"930","article-title":"Genotype and mating type analysis of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii isolates from China that mainly originated from non-HIV-infected patients","volume":"8","author":"Feng","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"42","article-title":"Spread of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada, and detection in the Pacific Northwest, USA","volume":"13","author":"MacDougall","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"4115","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of the yeast pathogen Cryptococcus to fluconazole and other azoles varies with molecular genotype","volume":"48","author":"Chong","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"539","article-title":"Correlation of genotype and in vitro susceptibilities of Cryptococcus gattii strains from the Pacific Northwest of the United States","volume":"48","author":"Iqbal","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"PLoS Pathog","first-page":"e1000850","article-title":"Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States","volume":"6","author":"Byrnes","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Med Vet Mycol","first-page":"291","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in dogs: a retrospective study of 20 consecutive cases","volume":"33","author":"Malik","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Prog Vet Neurol","first-page":"88","article-title":"Cryptococcus of the nervous system in dogs. 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