{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T14:09:22Z","timestamp":1773410962951,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 6-month-old female domestic shorthair cat was admitted for evaluation of intermittent clinical signs of hematuria and inappropriate urination for the past 2 months.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a multilayered mass in the urinary bladder apex consistent with full-thickness invagination of the bladder wall.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Exploratory surgery was performed, and partial inversion of the urinary bladder was confirmed. The invaginated bladder apex was manually reduced, and partial cystectomy was performed to remove the invaginated section of bladder wall. Histologic findings were consistent with vascular congestion and edema secondary to partial invagination. Bacterial culture of a section of the bladder mucosa demonstrated concurrent bacterial urinary tract infection. Clinical signs resolved following surgical resection of the bladder apex and antimicrobial treatment for the concurrent urinary tract infection.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Partial invagination of the urinary bladder should be considered in the differential diagnosis for cats with clinical signs of hematuria, stranguria, and inappropriate urination. A diagnosis may be made on the basis of detection of invaginated tissue in the bladder apex during abdominal ultrasonography.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.3.370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T07:03:16Z","timestamp":1312182196000},"page":"370-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bladder inversion and secondary hematuria in a 6-month-old domestic shorthair cat"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Adin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hock Gan","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katy L.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ketaki","family":"Karnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Indian J Urol","first-page":"474","article-title":"Complete eversion and prolapse of bladder following pulling out of a Foley catheter concurrent with uterine prolapse","volume":"23","author":"Acharya","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"508","article-title":"Transvaginal inversion of urinary bladder after concealment of box in vagina","volume":"21","author":"Bhandari","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Br J Urol","first-page":"436","article-title":"Complete prolapse of the urinary bladder","volume":"66","author":"Chan","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Br Med J","first-page":"306","article-title":"Acute complete inversion of the 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mare","volume":"92","author":"Donaldson","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"462","article-title":"Eversion of the bladder in the mare","volume":"92","author":"Serth","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"786","article-title":"Surgical management of a third degree perineal laceration and eversion of the bladder in a mare","volume":"148","author":"Singh","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Postpartum partial cystectomy through the vagina in a mare with everted partially necrotic bladder","volume":"200","author":"Squire","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"710","article-title":"Urinary bladder eversion with hydronephrosis and renal failure in a beef cow","volume":"36","author":"Friesen","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Br Med J","first-page":"991","article-title":"Acute inversion of the urinary bladder in labour","volume":"2","author":"Sutherland","year":"1964"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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