{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:08:20Z","timestamp":1791191300588,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To identify risk factors such as signalment, previous competition miles completed, ride characteristics, and physical examination variables associated with the elimination of horses during endurance competitions.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2014Veterinary records for 3,493 endurance horse competition starts.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Records were requested of all sanctioned 2007 endurance horse competitions in the United States. Only rides that provided data from all horses were included. The horse's signalment, previous endurance competition record, specific ride characteristics, weight division (ie, based on rider's weight with tack), and physical examination variables throughout the ride were included for analysis. Examination variables were separated into abnormalities occurring prior to the start of the ride, during the first half of the ride, and during the second half of the ride. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for overall elimination and elimination subcategories (lameness and metabolic).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Specific breeds, the heavyweight division, and distance of the ride were all associated with an increased risk of elimination. A variety of examination variables prior to the start of the ride and during the ride were associated with elimination and included heart rate, cardiac recovery index, and abnormal gastrointestinal sounds.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested that specific risk factors were associated with elimination of horses from endurance competitions. These factors may be used to help identify horses at higher risk for elimination and prevent morbidity associated with competition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.4.493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,15]],"date-time":"2011-08-15T07:02:53Z","timestamp":1313391773000},"page":"493-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Risk factors for the elimination of endurance horses from competition"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"C. Langdon","family":"Fielding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe A.","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olin K.","family":"Balch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"262","article-title":"Serum electrolyte and plasma protein alterations in horses used in endurance rides","volume":"165","author":"Carlson","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"93","article-title":"Clinicopathologic alterations in normal and exhausted endurance horses","volume":"6","author":"Carlson","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Equine Vet 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conditions","volume":"64","author":"Barton","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"488","article-title":"Plasma ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations in horses after endurance rides","volume":"219","author":"Aguilera-Tejero","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"192","article-title":"Whole blood selenium concentrations in endurance horses","volume":"186","author":"Haggett","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Endurance exercise is associated with increased plasma cardiac troponin I in horses","first-page":"27","author":"Holbrook","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Vet Crit Care","first-page":"473","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical abnormalities in endurance horses eliminated from competition for medical complications and requiring emergency medical treatment: 30 cases (2005\u20132006)","volume":"19","author":"Fielding","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Relationship of body condition score to completion rate during 160 km endurance races","first-page":"591","author":"Garlinghouse","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Rider handbook"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Use of the recovery check in long-distance endurance rides","first-page":"106","author":"Robert","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Control judge handbook"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"AERC records page"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"STATA user's guide, release 10","first-page":"268","article-title":"Obtaining robust variance estimates"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Effect of training duration and exercise on blood-borne substrates, plasma lactate and enzyme concentrations in Andalusian, Anglo-Arabian and Arabian breeds","first-page":"245","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Racing speeds of Quarter Horses, Thoroughbreds and Arabians","first-page":"128","author":"Nielsen","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Gene expression profiling in blood cells of endurance horses completing competition or disqualified due to metabolic disorder","first-page":"43","author":"Barrey","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"AERC current rules"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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