{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:06:18Z","timestamp":1789661178291,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To retrospectively describe clinical characteristics of canine gastrointestinal foreign bodies (GIFB) that were successfully and unsuccessfully managed conservatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>68 client-owned dogs presented to the Texas A&amp;M Small Animal Teaching Hospital between January 1, 2018, and October 1, 2023, for GIFB where medical management was attempted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CLINICAL PRESENTATION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, physical examination, bloodwork, diagnostic imaging, foreign body type, location, treatments, and outcome. Success was defined as the passage of the foreign body through the colon, while failure was defined as requiring surgery, endoscopy, or euthanasia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical management was successful in 32 cases (47%; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.66). Gastric dilation resolved in all success cases (n = 5 [100%]; 95% CI, 0.32 to 2.3) but did not resolve in any failure cases (13 [0%]). Small intestinal dilation resolved in all success cases (n = 13 [100%]; 95% CI, 0.53 to 1.7) but progressed in most failure cases (9 [75%]; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.4). In the success group, 31 GIFB were nonlinear (96.9%; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.4), while 1 was linear (3.1%; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.17). In the failure group, 29 GIFB were nonlinear (80.6%; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.16), while 7 were linear (19.4%; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.4). Of the cases that elected surgery (n = 29 [42.7%]; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.61), resection and anastomosis was performed in 3 cases (10.3%; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.3). All cases that required resection and anastomosis were nonlinear GIFB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conservative management of GIFB provides a feasible treatment option and may be considered based on presentation, foreign body location, hemodynamic stability of the patient, diagnostic imaging, and type of foreign body.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.01.0050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T14:56:03Z","timestamp":1717080963000},"page":"1251-1258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical features and outcomes of dogs with attempted medical management for discrete gastrointestinal foreign material: 68 cases (2018\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Alyssa J.","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan A.","family":"McCord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanna M.","family":"Dickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet.","first-page":"830","article-title":"Intestinal foreign bodies in dogs and cats","volume":"25","author":"Papazoglou LG","year":"2003","unstructured":"Papazoglou LG, Patsikas MN, Rallis T. Intestinal foreign bodies in dogs and cats. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2003;25(11):830-845."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound.","first-page":"404","article-title":"Survey of the use of radiography vs ultrasonography in the investigation of gastrointestinal foreign bodies in small animals","volume":"47","author":"Tyrrell D","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tyrrell D, Beck C. Survey of the use of radiography vs ultrasonography in the investigation of gastrointestinal foreign bodies in small animals. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2006;47(4):404-408. doi:10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2006.00160.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"302","article-title":"Sewing needle foreign body ingestion in dogs and cats: 65 cases (2000-2012)","volume":"245","author":"Pratt CL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pratt CL, Reineke EL, Drobatz KJ. Sewing needle foreign body ingestion in dogs and cats: 65 cases (2000-2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014;245(3):302-308. doi:10.2460\/javma.245.3.302"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"576","article-title":"Gastrointestinal foreign bodies in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 208 cases","volume":"50","author":"Hayes G","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hayes G. Gastrointestinal foreign bodies in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 208 cases. J Small Anim Pract. 2009;50(11):576-583. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00783.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"560","article-title":"Linear versus non-linear gastrointestinal foreign bodies in 499 dogs: clinical presentation, management and short-term outcome","volume":"55","author":"Hobday MM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hobday MM, Pachtinger GE, Drobatz KJ, Syring RS. Linear versus non-linear gastrointestinal foreign bodies in 499 dogs: clinical presentation, management and short-term outcome. J Small Anim Pract. 2014;55(11):560-565. doi:10.1111\/jsap.12271"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Top Companion Anim Med","first-page":"100438","article-title":"The pathophysiology of small intestinal foreign body obstruction and intraoperative assessment of tissue viability in dogs: a review","volume":"40","author":"Mullen KM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mullen KM, Regier PJ, Ellison GW, Londo\u00f1o L. The pathophysiology of small intestinal foreign body obstruction and intraoperative assessment of tissue viability in dogs: a review. Top Companion Anim Med. 2020;40:100438. doi:10.1016\/j.tcam.2020.100438"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref7","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"816","article-title":"Acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities in dogs with gastrointestinal foreign bodies","volume":"19","author":"Boag AK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boag AK, Coe RJ, Martinez TA, Hughes D. Acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities in dogs with gastrointestinal foreign bodies. J Vet Intern Med. 2005;19(6):816-821. doi:10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02770.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","series-title":"Shock","first-page":"417","article-title":"Increased aerobic glycolysis through \u03b22 stimulation is a common mechanism involved in lactate formation during shock states","volume":"30","author":"Levy B","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levy B, Desebbe O, Montemont C, Gibot S. Increased aerobic glycolysis through \u03b22 stimulation is a common mechanism involved in lactate formation during shock states. Shock. 2008;30(4):417-421. doi:10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318167378f"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"177","article-title":"Outcomes of dogs undergoing immediate or delayed surgical treatment for gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction: a retrospective study by the Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery","volume":"50","author":"Maxwell EA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maxwell EA, Dugat DR, Waltenburg M,  Outcomes of dogs undergoing immediate or delayed surgical treatment for gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction: a retrospective study by the Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery. Vet Surg. 2021;50(1):177-185. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13520"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"207","article-title":"Does measurement of small intestinal diameter increase diagnostic accuracy of radiography in dogs with suspected intestinal obstruction?","volume":"54","author":"Ciasca TC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ciasca TC, David FH, Lamb CR. Does measurement of small intestinal diameter increase diagnostic accuracy of radiography in dogs with suspected intestinal obstruction? Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2013;54(3):207-211. doi:10.1111\/vru.12032"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"248","article-title":"Comparison of radiography and ultrasonography for diagnosing small-intestinal mechanical obstruction in vomiting dogs","volume":"52","author":"Sharma A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sharma A, Thompson MS, Scrivani PV,  Comparison of radiography and ultrasonography for diagnosing small-intestinal mechanical obstruction in vomiting dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2011;52(3):248-255. doi:10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01791.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"472","article-title":"Radiographic diagnosis of mechanical obstruction in dogs based on relative small intestinal external diameters","volume":"55","author":"Finck C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finck C, D\u2019Anjou MA, Alexander K, Specchi S, Beauchamp G. Radiographic diagnosis of mechanical obstruction in dogs based on relative small intestinal external diameters. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2014;55(5):472-479. doi:10.1111\/vru.12153"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref13","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"484","article-title":"Ultrasonography of small intestinal obstructions: a contemporary approach","volume":"52","author":"Garcia DAA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garcia DAA, Froes TR, Vilani RG, Gu\u00e9rios SD, Obladen A. Ultrasonography of small intestinal obstructions: a contemporary approach. J Small Anim Pract. 2011;52(9):484-490. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01104.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref14","series-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol","first-page":"664","article-title":"Foreign body ingestion: dos and don\u2019ts","volume":"12","author":"Becq A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Becq A, Camus M, Dray X. Foreign body ingestion: dos and don\u2019ts. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2020;12(7):664-670. doi:10.1136\/flgastro-2020-101450"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref15","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"522","article-title":"Conservative management of metallic sharp-pointed straight gastric and intestinal foreign bodies in dogs and cats: 17 cases (2003-2021)","volume":"64","author":"Crin\u00f2 C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crin\u00f2 C, Humm K, Cortellini S. Conservative management of metallic sharp-pointed straight gastric and intestinal foreign bodies in dogs and cats: 17 cases (2003-2021). J Small Anim Pract. 2023;64(8):522-526. doi:10.1111\/jsap.13606"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"135","article-title":"Conservative versus surgical management of gastrointestinal linear foreign bodies in the cat","volume":"16","author":"Basher AW","year":"1987","unstructured":"Basher AW, Fowler JD. Conservative versus surgical management of gastrointestinal linear foreign bodies in the cat. Vet Surg. 1987;16(2):135-138. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1987.tb00925.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"282","article-title":"Influence of repeat abdominal radiographs on the resolution of mechanical obstruction and gastrointestinal foreign material in dogs and cats","volume":"62","author":"Miles S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miles S, Gaschen L, Presley T, Liu CC, Granger LA. Influence of repeat abdominal radiographs on the resolution of mechanical obstruction and gastrointestinal foreign material in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2021;62(3):282-288. doi:10.1111\/vru.12953"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/9\/javma.24.01.0050.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/9\/javma.24.01.0050.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/9\/javma.24.01.0050.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T08:05:23Z","timestamp":1741334723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/9\/javma.24.01.0050.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.24.01.0050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}}}