{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:43:31Z","timestamp":1788381811363,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Assess dog owners\u2019 concern levels and veterinary care decisions pertaining to behaviors that might signify pain before and after receiving brief pain-related educational information. Additionally, evaluate dog owners\u2019 perceptions of a modified version of the Colorado State University Canine Acute Pain Scale to identify their dog\u2019s pain level, determine whether they should take their dog to the veterinarian, and describe their dog\u2019s pain to their veterinarian.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>SAMPLE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>367 survey respondents who resided in the US and were the primary caretaker of at least 1 dog.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>An electronic survey was created in Qualtrics and distributed via Prolific. Data were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>When assessing differences between participants\u2019 concern levels before and after educational pain-related information, significant differences were found for 2 of the 3 scenarios. Significant differences were also found between participants\u2019 veterinary-related behaviors before and after educational pain-related information for all 3 scenarios. The most common reasons for not seeking immediate veterinary care included elements related to cost, convenience, and dog-related stress during veterinary visits. Most participants reported finding the Canine Acute Pain Scale useful for identifying their dog\u2019s pain level (89%), determining whether they should take their dog to the veterinarian (84%), and describing their dog\u2019s pain to their veterinarian (89%). <\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Owners\u2019 interpretations of and subsequent actions (or inactions) to behaviors that might suggest pain carry great implications for companion animals\u2019 overall well-being. Following exposure to brief educational material about signs and symptoms of canine pain, owners in our study reported significant increases in stated concern related to their dog\u2019s change in behavior and intention to seek veterinary care. These findings suggest that even very brief pain-related educational material can have a positive impact on owners\u2019 perceptions of canine behavioral changes and increase the possibility that they will seek veterinary care.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.02.0120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T20:12:06Z","timestamp":1721419926000},"page":"1370-1378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dog owners\u2019 perceptions and veterinary-related decisions pertaining to changes in their dog\u2019s behavior that could indicate pain"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5816-9672","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lori R.","family":"Kogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen","family":"Currin-McCulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hellyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"55","article-title":"2022 AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for dogs and cats","volume":"58","author":"Gruen ME","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gruen ME, Lascelles BDX, Colleran E,  2022 AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2022;58(2):55-76. doi:10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-7292"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Nurse","first-page":"252","article-title":"Pain scoring systems in the canine and feline patient","volume":"8","author":"Bloor C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bloor C, Allan L. Pain scoring systems in the canine and feline patient. Vet Nurse. 2017;8(5):252-258. doi:10.12968\/vetn.2017.8.5.252"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","series-title":"Int J Vet Sci Med","first-page":"43","article-title":"Review of different methods used for clinical recognition and assessment of pain in dogs and cats","volume":"7","author":"Hernandez-Avalos I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hernandez-Avalos I, Mota-Rojas D, Mora-Medina P,  Review of different methods used for clinical recognition and assessment of pain in dogs and cats. Int J Vet Sci Med. 2019;7(1):43-54. doi:10.1080\/23144599.2019.1680044"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"631","article-title":"Development and psychometric testing of an instrument designed to measure chronic pain in dogs with osteoarthritis","volume":"68","author":"Brown DC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brown DC, Boston RC, Coyne JC, Farrar JT. Development and psychometric testing of an instrument designed to measure chronic pain in dogs with osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res. 2007;68(6):631-637. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.68.6.631"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital","article-title":"Canine Acute Pain Scale","author":"Hellyer PW","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hellyer PW, Uhrig SR, Robinson NG. Canine Acute Pain Scale. Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. 2006. https:\/\/vetmedbiosci.colostate.edu\/vth\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/12\/canine-pain-scale.pdf"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"525","article-title":"Development of a behaviour-based scale to measure acute pain in dogs","volume":"148","author":"Holton L","year":"2001","unstructured":"Holton L, Reid J, Scott EM, Pawson P, Nolan A. Development of a behaviour-based scale to measure acute pain in dogs. Vet Rec. 2001;148(17):525-531. doi:10.1136\/vr.148.17.525"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"59","article-title":"Assessment of quality of life and chronic pain in dogs","volume":"239","author":"Belshaw Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belshaw Z, Yeates J. Assessment of quality of life and chronic pain in dogs. Vet J. 2018;239:59-64. doi: 10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.07.010"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"21","article-title":"Updating animal welfare thinking: moving beyond the \u201cFive Freedoms\u201d towards \u201ca life worth living\u201d","volume":"6","author":"Mellor DJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mellor DJ. Updating animal welfare thinking: moving beyond the \u201cFive Freedoms\u201d towards \u201ca life worth living\u201d. Animals (Basel). 2016;6(3):21. doi:10.3390\/ani6030021"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"318","article-title":"Pain and problem behavior in cats and dogs","volume":"10","author":"Mills DS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mills DS, Demontigny-B\u00e9dard I, Gruen M,  Pain and problem behavior in cats and dogs. Animals (Basel). 2020;10(2):318. doi:10.3390\/ani10020318"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"72","article-title":"Measuring pain in dogs and cats using structured behavioural observation","volume":"236","author":"Reid J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reid J, Nolan AM, Scott EM. Measuring pain in dogs and cats using structured behavioural observation. Vet J. 2018;236:72-79. doi:10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.04.013"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"US Residents\u2019 Perceptions of Dogs, Their Welfare and Related Information Sources","author":"Bir C","unstructured":"Bir C, Croney C, Widmar NO. US Residents\u2019 Perceptions of Dogs, Their Welfare and Related Information Sources. The Center for Animal Welfare Science at Purdue University; June 2016:RP.2016-01. https:\/\/vet.purdue.edu\/CAWS\/files\/documents\/20160602-us-residents-perceptions-of-dogs-their-welfare-and-related-information-sources.pdf"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Pew Research Center","article-title":"About half of US pet owners say their pets are as much a part of their family as a human member","author":"Brown A","unstructured":"Brown A. About half of US pet owners say their pets are as much a part of their family as a human member. Pew Research Center. July 7, 2023. Accessed February 1, 2024. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2023\/07\/07\/about-half-us-of-pet-owners-say-their-pets-are-as-much-a-part-of-their-family-as-a-human-member\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref13","series-title":"Anthrozoos","first-page":"231","article-title":"The relationship between empathy, perception of pain and attitudes toward pets among Norwegian dog owners","volume":"23","author":"Ellingsen K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ellingsen K, Zanella AJ, Bjerk\u00e5s E, Indreb\u00f8 A. The relationship between empathy, perception of pain and attitudes toward pets among Norwegian dog owners. Anthrozoos. 2010;23(3):231-243. doi:10.2752\/175303710X12750451258931"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","series-title":"Fam Process","first-page":"462","article-title":"Human-animal bonds I: the relational significance of companion animals","volume":"48","author":"Walsh F","year":"2009","unstructured":"Walsh F. Human-animal bonds I: the relational significance of companion animals. Fam Process. 2009;48(4):462-480. doi:10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2009.01296.x"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Vet Behav","first-page":"39","article-title":"Dog owners\u2019 recognition of pain-related behavioral changes in their dogs","volume":"62","author":"Demirtas A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Demirtas A, Atilgan D, Saral B,  Dog owners\u2019 recognition of pain-related behavioral changes in their dogs. J Vet Behav. 2023;62:39-46. doi:10.1016\/j.jveb.2023.02.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"88","article-title":"Qualitative study of owner perceptions of chronic pain in their dogs","volume":"254","author":"Davis KN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Davis KN, Hellyer PW, Carr ECJ, Wallace JE, Kogan LR. Qualitative study of owner perceptions of chronic pain in their dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2019;254(1):88-92. doi:10.2460\/javma.254.1.88"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"e3264","article-title":"Robenacoxib versus meloxicam following ovariohysterectomy in cats: a randomised, prospective clinical trial involving owner-based assessment of pain","volume":"193","author":"Hillen F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hillen F, Polson S, Yates D, Watkinson R, White K. Robenacoxib versus meloxicam following ovariohysterectomy in cats: a randomised, prospective clinical trial involving owner-based assessment of pain. Vet Rec. 2023;193(8):e3264. doi:10.1002\/vetr.3264"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"236","article-title":"Behavioral alterations and severity of pain in cats recovering at home following elective ovariohysterectomy or castration","volume":"231","author":"V\u00e4is\u00e4nen MAM","year":"2007","unstructured":"V\u00e4is\u00e4nen MAM, Tuomikoski SK, Vainio OM. Behavioral alterations and severity of pain in cats recovering at home following elective ovariohysterectomy or castration. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2007;231(2):236-242. doi:10.2460\/javma.231.2.236"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0230832","article-title":"Education as a tool for improving canine welfare: evaluating the effect of an education workshop on attitudes to responsible dog ownership and canine welfare in a sample of Key Stage 2 children in the United Kingdom","volume":"15","author":"Baatz A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baatz A, Anderson KL, Casey R,  Education as a tool for improving canine welfare: evaluating the effect of an education workshop on attitudes to responsible dog ownership and canine welfare in a sample of Key Stage 2 children in the United Kingdom. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0230832. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0230832"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","series-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep","first-page":"441","article-title":"Using an education intervention to increase preparedness among pet owners: results of a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Baker LR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baker LR, Cormier LA, Vogtle LK. Using an education intervention to increase preparedness among pet owners: results of a pilot study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2018;12(4):441-445. doi:10.1017\/dmp.2017.101"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref21","series-title":"Vet Sci","first-page":"447","article-title":"Dog owners\u2019 perceptions of canine body composition and effect of standardized education for dog owners on body condition assessment of their own dogs","volume":"10","author":"Gille S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gille S, Fischer H, Lind\u00e5se S,  Dog owners\u2019 perceptions of canine body composition and effect of standardized education for dog owners on body condition assessment of their own dogs. Vet Sci. 2023;10(7):447. doi:10.3390\/vetsci10070447"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","series-title":"Anthrozoos","first-page":"143","article-title":"Why do even committed dog owners fail to comply with some responsible ownership practices?","volume":"23","author":"Rohlf VI","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rohlf VI, Bennett PC, Toukhsati S, Coleman G. Why do even committed dog owners fail to comply with some responsible ownership practices? Anthrozoos. 2010;23(2):143-155. doi:10.2752\/175303710X12682332909972"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","series-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci","first-page":"3","article-title":"Amazon\u2019s Mechanical Turk: a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data?","volume":"6","author":"Buhrmester M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buhrmester M, Kwang T, Gosling SD. Amazon\u2019s Mechanical Turk: a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspect Psychol Sci. 2011;6(1):3-5. doi:10.1177\/1745691610393980"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale","author":"Johnson TP","year":"1992","unstructured":"Johnson TP, Garrity TF, Stallones L. Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale. APA PsycTests; 1992. doi:10.1037\/t59656-000"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"294","article-title":"Prevalence and management of pain in dogs in the emergency service of a veterinary teaching hospital","volume":"61","author":"Rousseau-Blass F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rousseau-Blass F, O\u2019Toole E, Marcoux J, Pang DSJ. Prevalence and management of pain in dogs in the emergency service of a veterinary teaching hospital. Can Vet J. 2020;61(3):294-300."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"294","article-title":"Questionnaire-based behaviour analysis of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with neuropathic pain due to Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia","volume":"194","author":"Rutherford L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rutherford L, Wessmann A, Rusbridge C,  Questionnaire-based behaviour analysis of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with neuropathic pain due to Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia. Vet J. 2012;194(3):294-298. doi:10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.05.018"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref27","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1354","article-title":"Validity of a health-related quality-of-life scale for dogs with signs of pain secondary to cancer","volume":"226","author":"Yazbek KVB","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yazbek KVB, Fantoni DT. Validity of a health-related quality-of-life scale for dogs with signs of pain secondary to cancer. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005;226(8):1354-1358. doi:10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1354"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref28","series-title":"J Comp Psychol","first-page":"122","article-title":"Comprehension of human communicative signs in pet dogs (Canis familiaris)","volume":"115","author":"Soproni K","year":"2001","unstructured":"Soproni K, Mikl\u00f3si A, Top\u00e1l J, Cs\u00e1nyi V. Comprehension of human communicative signs in pet dogs (Canis familiaris). J Comp Psychol. 2001;115(2):122-126. doi:10.1037\/0735-7036.115.2.122"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref29","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Development of a questionnaire to measure the effects of chronic pain on health-related quality of life in dogs","volume":"65","author":"Wiseman-Orr ML","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wiseman-Orr ML, Nolan AM, Reid J, Scott EM. Development of a questionnaire to measure the effects of chronic pain on health-related quality of life in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2004;65(8):1077-1084. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1077"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"330","article-title":"\u201cI couldn\u2019t have asked for a better quarantine partner!\u201d: experiences with companion dogs during COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Bussolari C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bussolari C, Currin-McCulloch J, Packman W, Kogan L, Erdman P. \u201cI couldn\u2019t have asked for a better quarantine partner!\u201d: experiences with companion dogs during COVID-19. Animals (Basel). 2021;11(2):330. doi:10.3390\/ani11020330"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","series-title":"J Happiness Stud","first-page":"1441","article-title":"The benefits of giving as well as receiving need support in human-pet relations","volume":"22","author":"Kanat-Maymon Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanat-Maymon Y, Wolfson S, Cohen R, Roth G. The benefits of giving as well as receiving need support in human-pet relations. J Happiness Stud. 2021;22(3):1441-1457. doi:10.1007\/s10902-020-00279-9"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"629121","article-title":"The initial months of COVID-19: dog owners\u2019 veterinary-related concerns","volume":"8","author":"Kogan LR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kogan LR, Erdman P, Bussolari C, Currin-McCulloch J, Packman W. The initial months of COVID-19: dog owners\u2019 veterinary-related concerns. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:629121. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2021.629121"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Access to Veterinary Care: Barriers, Current Practices, and Public Policy","author":"Access to Veterinary Care Coalition","year":"2018","unstructured":"Access to Veterinary Care Coalition. Access to Veterinary Care: Barriers, Current Practices, and Public Policy. University of Tennessee Knoxville; 2018. Accessed February 15, 2024. https:\/\/trace.tennessee.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&context=utk_smalpubs"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"235","article-title":"Cost of care, access to care, and payment options in veterinary practice","volume":"54","author":"Benson J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benson J, Tincher EM. Cost of care, access to care, and payment options in veterinary practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2024;54(2):235-250. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2023.10.007"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref35","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"712","article-title":"Spectrum of care: more than treatment options","volume":"259","author":"Brown CR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brown CR, Garrett LD, Gilles WK,  Spectrum of care: more than treatment options. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2021;259(7):712-717. doi:10.2460\/javma.259.7.712"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref36","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"463","article-title":"Preparing veterinary students for excellence in general practice: building confidence and competence by focusing on spectrum of care","volume":"259","author":"Fingland RB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fingland RB, Stone LR, Read EK, Moore RM. Preparing veterinary students for excellence in general practice: building confidence and competence by focusing on spectrum of care. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2021;259(5):463-470. doi:10.2460\/javma.259.5.463"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref37","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1386","article-title":"Barriers and next steps to providing a spectrum of effective health care to companion animals","volume":"253","author":"Stull JW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stull JW, Shelby JA, Bonnett BN,  Barriers and next steps to providing a spectrum of effective health care to companion animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;253(11):1386-1389. doi:10.2460\/javma.253.11.1386"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Fear Free: The Long-Term Benefits for Pets, People, and the Profession","author":"Dunn LS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dunn LS. Fear Free: The Long-Term Benefits for Pets, People, and the Profession. Fear Free; 2021. Accessed February 15, 2024. https:\/\/fearfreepets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Fear-Free-The-Long-Term-Benefits-for-Pets-People-and-the-Profession-October-2021.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref39","series-title":"Vet Nurse","first-page":"278","article-title":"CPD article: how to create a dog friendly clinic","volume":"13","author":"Stagg M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stagg M. CPD article: how to create a dog friendly clinic. Vet Nurse. 2022;13(6):278-282. doi:10.12968\/vetn.2022.13.6.278"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Low Stress Handling, Restraint and Behavior Modification of Dogs & Cats: Techniques for Developing Patients Who Love Their Visits","author":"Yin SA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yin SA. Low Stress Handling, Restraint and Behavior Modification of Dogs & Cats: Techniques for Developing Patients Who Love Their Visits. CattleDog Publishing; 2009."},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"751949","article-title":"The short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale in post-operative analgesia studies in dogs: a scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Testa B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Testa B, Reid J, Scott ME, Murison PJ, Bell AM. The short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale in post-operative analgesia studies in dogs: a scoping review. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:751949. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2021.751949"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref42","series-title":"AAPS J","first-page":"598","article-title":"The challenges of assessing osteoarthritis and postoperative pain in dogs","volume":"15","author":"Sharkey M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharkey M. The challenges of assessing osteoarthritis and postoperative pain in dogs. AAPS J. 2013;15(2):598-607. doi:10.1208\/s12248-013-9467-5"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref43","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1314","article-title":"Caregiver placebo effect for dogs with lameness from osteoarthritis","volume":"241","author":"Conzemius MG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Conzemius MG, Evans RB. Caregiver placebo effect for dogs with lameness from osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012;241(10):1314-1319. doi:10.2460\/javma.241.10.1314"},{"key":"ref44","series-title":"J Vet Behav","first-page":"62","article-title":"A preliminary investigation into personality and pain in dogs","volume":"24","author":"Lush J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lush J, Ijichi C. A preliminary investigation into personality and pain in dogs. J Vet Behav. 2018;24:62-68. doi:10.1016\/j.jveb.2018.01.005"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref45","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"3009","article-title":"The power is in the word\u2014do laypeople interpret descriptors of dog emotional states correctly?","volume":"13","author":"Heritier C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heritier C, Riemer S, Gaschler R. The power is in the word\u2014do laypeople interpret descriptors of dog emotional states correctly? Animals (Basel). 2023;13(19):3009. doi:10.3390\/ani13193009"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref46","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"531","article-title":"Impact of the owner-pet and client-veterinarian bond on the care that pets receive","volume":"232","author":"Lue TW","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lue TW, Pantenburg DP, Crawford PM. Impact of the owner-pet and client-veterinarian bond on the care that pets receive. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008;232(4):531-540. doi:10.2460\/javma.232.4.531"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/10\/javma.24.02.0120.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/10\/javma.24.02.0120.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/262\/10\/javma.24.02.0120.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T14:08:32Z","timestamp":1741356512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/262\/10\/javma.24.02.0120.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.24.02.0120","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}}}