{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:40:26Z","timestamp":1785498026698,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine the sensitivity and specificity of a commercial whole blood real-time PCR assay (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis when compared to direct organism identification and\/or urine antigen quantification by enzyme immunoassay (UA-EIA). A secondary objective was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR to anti\u2013<jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic> immunoglobulin G antibody detection by enzyme immunoassay (IgG-EIA) and IgG-EIA to UA-EIA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cats presented to the Kansas State University Veterinary Health Center from February through September of 2023 in which histoplasmosis was diagnosed or suspected.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>From February through September of 2023, cats were tested by RT-PCR, IgG-EIA, and UA-EIA if histoplasmosis was diagnosed cytologically or was a differential diagnosis for the presenting clinical signs. Cats were excluded if all 3 tests were not submitted or if the diagnosis of histoplasmosis could not be excluded despite a negative UA-EIA result. Cats with cytologically or histologically confirmed histoplasmosis were designated as <jats:italic>proven<\/jats:italic> histoplasmosis cases, and cats with a positive UA-EIA result without cytological or histological confirmation were designated as <jats:italic>probable<\/jats:italic> histoplasmosis cases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>10 cats were diagnosed with either proven (n = 6) or probable (4) histoplasmosis, and 10 cats were considered true negatives. Whole blood RT-PCR results were negative in all 20 cats (sensitivity, 0%; 95% CI, 0% to 30.85%). The IgG-EIA was 90% sensitive (95% CI, 55.50% to 99.75%) and 70% specific (95% CI, 34.75% to 93.33%). The UA-EIA results were positive in all cats with proven histoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This commercial RT-PCR is insensitive when used on whole blood collected in EDTA and should not be used to diagnose feline histoplasmosis. Further studies are required to determine whether alternate RT-PCR protocols for EDTA-collected whole blood could be useful for diagnosing histoplasmosis in cats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.03.0220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T14:13:15Z","timestamp":1717769595000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A commercial whole blood polymerase chain reaction assay failed to diagnose histoplasmosis in cats confirmed by cytology or urine antigen detection"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Jamie F.","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Health Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4843-357X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Harkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Health Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Hanzlicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0004732","article-title":"Worldwide phylogenetic distributions and population dynamics of the genus Histoplasma","volume":"10","author":"Teixeira MM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teixeira MM, Patan\u00e9 JSL, Taylor ML,  Worldwide phylogenetic distributions and population dynamics of the genus Histoplasma. 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