{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:30:35Z","timestamp":1787776235959,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the impact of pecto-intercostal fascial plane block on providing intraoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing median sternotomy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>4 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL PRESENTATION<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The dogs were presented with a history of inappetence, lethargy and respiratory distress. Thoracic radiographs, point of care ultrasound, thoracocentesis, bronchoscopy and computed tomography was performed to characterize the disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>4 male castrated, 5.3 \u00b1 3 years old dogs weighing 19.7 \u00b1 13.5 kg and belonging to Dalmatian, Beagle, Siberian Husky and Rottweiler breeds were included. Three dogs were diagnosed with suppurative pleural effusions because of pulmonary abscesses and one dog with spontaneous pneumothorax due to the presence of pulmonary bullae. All dogs underwent median sternotomy under general anesthesia to explore the thorax. A pecto-intercostal fascial plane block was performed by injecting local anesthetic bupivacaine in the parasternal fascial plane between the deep pectoral and external intercostal muscles to provide antinociception by anesthetizing ventral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves second through sixth. Analgesia from the block resulted in reduced requirement of inhalant anesthesia and minimal requirement for opioid to augment analgesia intraoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Median sternotomy is required to perform thoracic surgery in dogs with various thoracic pathologies. Pecto-intercostal fascial plane block is a locoregional technique that can blunt nociception arising from the ventral thorax and can significantly improve perioperative patient care in dogs undergoing median sternotomy by providing effective intraoperative and potentially postoperative analgesia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.05.0316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T16:56:36Z","timestamp":1723049796000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Successful use of ultrasound guided pecto-intercostal fascial plane block to provide intraoperative analgesia in four dogs undergoing median sternotomy"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Amandeep S.","family":"Chohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0894-0991","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruno","family":"Pypendop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"375","article-title":"Effects of intramuscular or interpleural administration of morphine and interpleural administration of bupivacaine on pulmonary function in dogs that have undergone median sternotomy","volume":"57","author":"Dhokarikar P","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dhokarikar P, Caywood DD, Stobie D,  Effects of intramuscular or interpleural administration of morphine and interpleural administration of bupivacaine on pulmonary function in dogs that have undergone median sternotomy. 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