{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:07:53Z","timestamp":1793113673755,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To provide comprehensive epidemiological information about the distribution and occurrence of rabies during 2022 in the US, Canada, and Mexico.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The US National Rabies Surveillance System collected 2022 animal rabies data from US state and territorial public health departments and USDA Wildlife Services. Temporal and geographic analyses were conducted to evaluate trends in animal rabies cases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>During 2022, 54 US jurisdictions reported 3,579 animal rabies cases, reflecting a 2.3% decline from 3,663 cases reported in 2021. Six states collectively reported &gt; 50% of animal rabies cases: Texas (395 [11.0%]), Virginia (337 [9.4%]), Pennsylvania (329 [9.2%]), New York (267 [7.5%]), North Carolina (264 [7.4%]), and California (241 [6.7%]). Out of the total reported rabies animal cases, 3,234 (90.4%) were attributed to wildlife, with bats (1,218 [34.0%]), raccoons (1,014 [28.3%]), skunks (660 [18.4%]), and foxes (269 [7.5%]) representing the primary hosts confirmed with rabies. Rabid cats (222 [6.2%]), cattle (42 [1.2%]), and dogs (50 [1.4%]) constituted &gt; 90% of reported domestic animal rabies cases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In 2022, there was an increase in the number of animal samples submitted for rabies testing in the US and Canada. A notable geographic expansion of gray fox rabies virus variant was detected in the US. Three human rabies deaths due to vampire bat rabies infection occurred in Mexico; none were reported from the US and Canada.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Laboratory diagnosis of rabies in animals is critical to ensure judicious use of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.05.0354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T17:38:23Z","timestamp":1722015503000},"page":"1518-1525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2022"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, CDC, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Boutelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, CDC, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Bonaparte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, CDC, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian A.","family":"Orciari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, CDC, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene E.","family":"Condori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, CDC, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordona D.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Services, APHIS, USDA, Concord, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Chipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Services, APHIS, USDA, Concord, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Fehlner-Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Expertise for Rabies, Ottawa Laboratory\u2013Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cin","family":"Thang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Expertise for Rabies, Ottawa Laboratory\u2013Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica Guti\u00e9rrez","family":"Cedillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud de M\u00e9xico, CDMX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidia","family":"Ar\u00e9chiga-Ceballos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Diagn\u00f3stico y Referencia, Instituto de Diagn\u00f3stico y Referencia Epidemiol\u00f3gicos, Secretar\u00eda de Salud de M\u00e9xico, CDMX, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, CDC, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, CDC, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2021","volume":"261","author":"Ma X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma X, Bonaparte S, Corbett P,  Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2021. 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