{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:39:53Z","timestamp":1791308393820,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the incidence and characteristics of gastrointestinal ulceration lesions in dogs receiving an NSAID and\/or corticosteroid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>33 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CLINICAL PResentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records of dogs with gastrointestinal ulceration receiving NSAIDs and\/or corticosteroids within 30 days of diagnosis between January 2012 and July 2022 at multiple referral institutions were reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed via endoscopy, surgery, or necropsy. Clinical data were collected from the medical record, including the dose and reason for administration of NSAIDs or steroids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs received a single NSAID (n = 22, most commonly carprofen [9], meloxicam [4], and deracoxib [3]), 2 NSAIDs (5), a single steroid (5: prednisolone [2], prednisone [2], or dexamethasone SP [1]), or an NSAID and steroid (1). Eleven dogs receiving a single cyclooxygenase (COX)-2\u2013sparing NSAID at an appropriate dose had ulcerations. All dogs receiving 2 NSAIDs concurrently experienced full-thickness perforation (5 of 5). The most common ulcer locations were duodenum (n = 18) and pylorus (11). Abdominal ultrasound correctly identified the site of ulceration in 5 of 24 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs receiving COX-2 sparing NSAIDs at recommended doses are at risk of severe GI ulceration. Carprofen was the most common NSAID resulting in ulceration; however, it is one of the most prescribed NSAIDs. Adding another NSAID and steroid could increase this risk. Careful monitoring is crucial for dogs on NSAIDs, regardless of duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.06.0430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T13:13:12Z","timestamp":1729257192000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dogs receiving cyclooxygenase-2\u2013sparing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and\/or nonphysiologic steroids are at risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Townes N.","family":"Hillier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan M.","family":"Watt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet A.","family":"Grimes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia N.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin A.","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0096-9942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vanna M.","family":"Dickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine","first-page":"547","article-title":"Gastritis and gastric ulceration in dogs and cats","author":"Tolbert K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tolbert K, Gould E. 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