{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:06:26Z","timestamp":1793646386327,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Congestive heart failure (CHF) in goats is rarely described. This case series aimed to describe the presenting complaints, clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of goats diagnosed with CHF.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>13 goats diagnosed with CHF from 2008 to 2022 admitted to a tertiary referral center.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Clinical Presentation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>8 goats had primary cardiac disease, and 5 had secondary causes of heart failure. None of the goats diagnosed with CHF were initially presented for cardiovascular disease. The predominant physical examination finding was tachycardia (HR, &gt; 100 beats\/min; median, 130 beats\/min; range, 80 to 190 beats\/min; n = 12), with a normal cardiac rhythm (12). Other common findings included effusion, edema, and venous congestion.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Common clinicopathologic findings included elevated plasma GGT enzyme activity (median, 139 U\/L; range, 69 to 792 U\/L; n = 11) and a normal total solids concentration (median, 6.4 g\/dL; range, 4.2 to 8.6 g\/dL; 11). Imaging findings included the presence of effusion in at least 1 cavity for all goats. Seven goats were treated with cardiac-targeted therapies including \u03b2-blockers (n = 2), digoxin (3), benazepril (1), and furosemide (5). One goat diagnosed with atrial fibrillation underwent successful transcutaneous electrical cardioversion for treatment of the arrhythmia. Three of the 7 goats (43%) treated with cardiac-targeted therapy survived to discharge, 1 goat was referred for radiation, and 9 of the 13 goats did not survive to discharge.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Congestive heart failure should be considered in goats presenting with tachycardia, effusions with a normal peripheral total solids concentration, and elevated GGT plasma activity. Although CHF offers a poor prognosis based on the cases in this series, management of CHF is possible.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.08.0560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T11:19:02Z","timestamp":1744197542000},"page":"1039-1048","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Description of clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment of congestive heart failure in 13 goats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5605-5639","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Megan","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoAnn","family":"Slack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","series-title":"Card Fail Rev","first-page":"140","article-title":"Right ventricular failure: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"5","author":"Arrigo M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arrigo M, Huber LC, Winnik S,  Right ventricular failure: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. 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