{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T04:04:34Z","timestamp":1745035474324,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The goal of this study was to evaluate the difference in weight bearing in a toes-in splint versus a toes-out forelimb splint and to determine the difference in sub-bandage pressures between the groups. We hypothesized that (1) weight bearing would not be different between the 2 splints and that (2) sub-bandage pressures would be distributed higher on the distal digits in the toes-out splint and pressures would be more evenly distributed across the paw in the toes-in splint.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this controlled crossover trial, a random forelimb of 10 healthy dogs was bandaged with a splint that left the digits exposed and again with a splint that encompassed the digits. The ground reaction forces and the difference in sub-bandage pressures between 2 sensor sections were compared between the toes-in and toes-out bandages.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean (SD) of peak vertical force was 26.76% (11.86%) for the toes-in bandage and 49.85% (9.21%) for the toes-out bandage. The mean (SD) sub-bandage pressure differences between sections were \u2013121.28 (138.28) mm Hg and 130.32 (116.40) for toes-in and toes-out bandages, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .001). This remained significant even after weight bearing was removed as a factor (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Leaving the distal aspect of digits 3 and 4 exposed by a splint results in better weight bearing, but also creates a sub-bandage pressure increase on the toes relative to the rest of the paw.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results suggest that splint placement should be adjusted based on the needs of each patient.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.10.0684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T16:18:10Z","timestamp":1737562690000},"page":"635-639","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposed digits increase weight bearing and alter sub-bandage pressures in dogs with forelimb splints"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Stark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. Lucia","family":"Meester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Gordon-Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal","author":"Johnston SA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johnston SA, Tobias KM. Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2018."},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"1010","article-title":"External coaptation of distal radius and ulna fractures","volume":"44","author":"Harasen G","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harasen G. External coaptation of distal radius and ulna fractures. Can Vet J. 2003;44(12):1010-1011."},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Small Animal Surgery","first-page":"976","article-title":"Principles of fracture diagnoses and management","author":"Fossum TW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fossum TW, Duprey LP, eds. Principles of fracture diagnoses and management. In: Small Animal Surgery. 5th ed. Elsevier Mosby; 2018:976-1035."},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Brinker, Piermattei and Flo\u2019s Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair","first-page":"24","article-title":"Fractures: classification, diagnosis, and treatment","author":"DeCamp CE","year":"2016","unstructured":"DeCamp CE, Johnston SA, D\u00e9jardin LM, Schaefer SL. 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