{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:19:11Z","timestamp":1790273951973,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To assess the effect of hemodilution on PCV when commercial preheparinized venous blood gas (PH-VBG) syringes are used compared to directly filled Hct tubes, and to evaluate the impact of delayed centrifugation on PCV.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A prospective study of 102 dogs presenting to a private emergency department between November 1, 2023, and February 29, 2024, with 306 corresponding blood samples. Samples were collected by direct venipuncture. Samples were analyzed with the use of 3 methods: directly filled microhematocrit tubes (direct), PH-VBG syringe (PH-VBG), and PH-VBG syringe with a 15-minute delay before centrifugation (delayed PH-VBG).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Mean PCV of the direct method was 43.9%, the PH-VBG method was 41.7% (range, 11.0% to 60.0%; SD, 9.8%), and the delayed PH-VBG method was 40.1% (range, 7.0% to 60.0%; SD, 11.2%). When the direct and PH-VBG methods were compared, the direct method was biased on average 2.2% higher than the PH-VBG method, with limits of agreement (LOAs) of \u20130.9 to 5.3. The direct method was biased on average 3.8% higher than the delayed PH-VBG method, with LOAs of \u20134.3 to 11.9. In anemic dogs (n = 14), the direct method was biased on average 6.1% higher than the delayed PH-VBG method, with LOAs of \u20130.05 to 12.2. In nonanemic dogs (n = 88), the direct method was biased on average 2.3% higher than the PH-VBG method, with LOAs of \u20130.9 to 5.4.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Use of preheparinized syringes and delayed sample processing led to hemodilution and lower PCV values.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Direct venipuncture and immediate sample processing are recommended to ensure accurate PCV results.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.11.0718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T13:15:36Z","timestamp":1737119736000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Heparinized venous blood gas syringes are associated with a significant decrease in measured packed cell volume in dogs due to hemodilution"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Coyne M.","family":"Hopey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Center, Gilbert, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Center, Gilbert, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2998-9580","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erin","family":"Binagia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Keys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaleidoscope Statistics LLC, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tereza","family":"Stastny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Center, Gilbert, AZ"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"},{"name":"Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"eClinPath","unstructured":"Hematocrit\/packed cell volume. eClinPath. Accessed August 25, 2024. https:\/\/eclinpath.com\/hematology\/tests\/hematocrit\/#:~:text=Packed%20cell%20volume%20(PCV)%3A,(see%20image%20at%20right)"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation and triage of the critically ill patient","author":"Reineke E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reineke E, Silverstein D, Hopper K. Evaluation and triage of the critically ill patient. In: Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2023:1-7. doi:10.1016\/B978-0-323-76469-8.00010-1"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Use of Anticoagulants in Diagnostic Laboratory Investigations","year":"2002","unstructured":"WHO. 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