{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T04:04:34Z","timestamp":1745035474494,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine whether Miniature Horse mares are predisposed to hemoperitoneum from nonneoplastic ovarian hemorrhage and report the clinical characteristics of this disorder.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>51 equines with hemoperitoneum, including 22 nonminiature mares and 9 Miniature Horse mares, identified by searching medical records of a tertiary large animal hospital for confirmed hemoperitoneum cases between 2012 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL PRESENTATION<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Signs of hemoperitoneum in miniature mares included lethargy, inappetence, colic, tachycardia, and moderate to severe anemia (PCV ranging from 11% to 19%). Five miniature mares did not survive and were necropsied.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Miniature Horse mares were markedly overrepresented at 29% of hemoperitoneum mares, and no miniature stallions or geldings with hemoperitoneum were identified. In nonminiature mares, hemoperitoneum was attributed to intestinal strangulation (n = 4), suspected or confirmed neoplasia (11), peripartum uterine artery rupture (2), splenic trauma (3), ovarian hematoma (1), and spontaneous broad ligament hematoma (1). In miniature mares, ruptured corpus hemorrhagicum (n = 4) and ovarian hemorrhage (1) were confirmed at necropsy. The other 4 miniature mares survived with no definitive cause of hemoperitoneum identified on extensive diagnostics; 1 was treated for hemoperitoneum again 6 years later, at which time a corpus hemorrhagicum was suspected on ovarian ultrasound. Two miniature mares in first-trimester gestation during treatment for hemoperitoneum subsequently produced normal foals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ovarian hemorrhage is an uncommon cause of hemoperitoneum in equines; however, it should be considered a likely differential diagnosis for hemoperitoneum in miniature mares, including during pregnancy. Reproductive tract assessment should be performed in equine hemoperitoneum cases, particularly for miniature mares.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.11.0723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T17:19:49Z","timestamp":1739553589000},"page":"662-670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ovarian hemorrhage as the primary cause of hemoperitoneum in cycling and pregnant Miniature Horse mares"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Olivia E.","family":"Stricklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica C.","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pun","family":"Sriboonyapirat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duncan S.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constance N.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"The Equine Acute Abdomen","first-page":"361","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of peritonitis and hemoperitoneum","author":"Peroni JF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peroni JF. 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