{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T14:20:11Z","timestamp":1785162011734,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to compare the effects of intranasal (IN) and IM administration of medetomidine on cardiac size and sedation variables in cats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study included 14 male tabby cats, aged 1 to 3 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists status of 1 to 2. The cats were randomly assigned to 2 groups (IN and IM; n = 7 cats\/group) and received 0.08 mg\/kg of medetomidine. Radiographic and anesthesia parameters were recorded at multiple time points.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of cardiac size, except for the ventrodorsal cardiothoracic ratio, which showed a significant increase from baseline at several time points. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed no significant intergroup differences. Peripheral arterial oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the IM group (90 [85 to 93]) compared to the IN group (95 [92 to 100). The onset of clinical sedation was significantly faster in the IM group (3.85 \u00b1 1.21 minutes) than in the IN group (9.85 \u00b1 4.98 minutes). Lateral recumbency was achieved significantly earlier in the IM group (7.28 \u00b1 1.79 minutes) compared to the IN group (12.42 \u00b1 4.79 minutes).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Both IN and IM administration of medetomidine in cats resulted in increased ventrodorsal cardiothoracic ratios compared to baseline, with no significant differences between groups for this parameter.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Both IN and IM administration of medetomidine were well tolerated and effective for sedation in cats, with comparable safety profiles.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.11.0731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T16:45:21Z","timestamp":1738169121000},"page":"599-603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intranasal administration and intramuscular administration of medetomidine are effective for sedation and may increase cardiac size in cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Zehranur","family":"Kaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5890-8271","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Latif Emrah","family":"Yanmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"BSAVA Manual of Canine Feline Anaesthesia Analgesia","first-page":"170","article-title":"Pre-anaesthetic medication sedation","author":"Murrell JC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Murrell JC. Pre-anaesthetic medication sedation. In: Duke-Novakovski T, Vries M, Seymour C, eds. BSAVA Manual of Canine Feline Anaesthesia Analgesia. 3rd ed. BSAVA; 2016:170-178. doi:10.22233\/9781910443231.13"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"1","article-title":"Correlation between serum concentrations following continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine or medetomidine in cats and their sedative and analgesic effects","volume":"23","author":"Ansah OB","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ansah OB, Raekallio M, Vainio O. Correlation between serum concentrations following continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine or medetomidine in cats and their sedative and analgesic effects. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2000;23(1):1-8. doi:10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2000.00240.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1745","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary evaluation of the use of medetomidine hydrochloride in cats","volume":"62","author":"Lamont LA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lamont LA, Bulmer BJ, Grimm KA, Tranquilli WJ, Sisson DD. Cardiopulmonary evaluation of the use of medetomidine hydrochloride in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2001;62(11):1745-1749. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1745"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Life Sci","first-page":"44","article-title":"Mechanism of intranasal drug delivery directly to the brain","volume":"195","author":"Crowe TP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crowe TP, Greenlee MHW, Kanthasamy AG, Hsu WH. Mechanism of intranasal drug delivery directly to the brain. 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Thoracic radiography in the cat: identification of cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure. J Vet Cardiol. 2015;17(suppl 1):S87-S101. doi:10.1016\/j.jvc.2015.03.005"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"230","article-title":"The effect of dexmedetomidine on radiographic cardiac silhouette size in healthy cats","volume":"57","author":"Zwicker LA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zwicker LA, Matthews AR, C\u00f4t\u00e9 E, Andersen E. The effect of dexmedetomidine on radiographic cardiac silhouette size in healthy cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2016;57(3):230-236. doi:10.1111\/vru.12346"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"8","article-title":"Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on cardiac characteristics measured using radiography echocardiography in six healthy dogs","volume":"57","author":"Wang HC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang HC, Hung CT, Lee WM, Chang KM, Chen KS. 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