{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T18:13:26Z","timestamp":1764785606493,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine the incidence of select mineral and vitamin deficiencies in beef cattle abortions, stillbirths, and neonates less than 24 hours old and to evaluate whether nutrient deficiencies are associated with causes of abortion.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A retrospective study of abortion cases from laboratory-performed necropsies and field-collected tissues submitted to the North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory over a 5-year period was conducted. Abortion investigations included gross and microscopic examinations, bacterial and fungal cultures, PCR assays, and quantitative analysis of the liver for copper, manganese, zinc, iron, selenium, cobalt, vitamin A, and vitamin E. Fisher exact tests, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tests, and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between minerals and vitamins and causes of abortion.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of 251 animals, 34% of abortion cases were attributable to a known cause. All but 4 animals were late gestational or full term. There was no sex predilection. When evaluated independently, minerals and vitamins were not associated with whether the cause of abortion was known. However, using logistic regression with mineral concentration (wet weight), there was an increased risk of infectious abortion with lower levels of fetal liver copper and higher levels of fetal liver manganese.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Copper and manganese levels are associated with infectious abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths within 24 hours of birth in upper Midwest beef cattle herds. Incorporating liver trace mineral analysis into abortion investigations is crucial for a comprehensive diagnostic strategy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Practitioners should consider the impact of mineral status when evaluating the cause of abortion in beef cattle.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.12.0801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T15:10:58Z","timestamp":1743088258000},"page":"S65-S70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Copper and manganese levels are associated with infectious abortions, stillbirths, and early neonatal deaths in upper Midwest beef cattle herds"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Heather","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Experiment Station, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi L.","family":"Pecoraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Experiment Station, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett T.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Experiment Station, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bong-Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chamari","family":"Idamawatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle S.","family":"Mostrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Experiment Station, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quynn P.","family":"Steichen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Experiment Station, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrington Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Carrington, ND"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"B1","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"2839","article-title":"Trace minerals supplementation with great impact on beef cattle immunity and health","volume":"12","author":"Palomares RA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Palomares RA. Trace minerals supplementation with great impact on beef cattle immunity and health. Animals (Basel). 2022;12(20):2839. doi:10.3390\/ani12202839"},{"issue":"12","key":"B2","series-title":"J Anim Sci","first-page":"5401","article-title":"Impact of mineral and vitamin status on beef cattle immune function and health","volume":"94","author":"Kegley EB","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kegley EB, Ball JJ, Beck PA. Impact of mineral and vitamin status on beef cattle immune function and health. J Anim Sci. 2016;94(12):5401\u20135413. doi:10.2527\/jas.2016-0720"},{"issue":"2","key":"B3","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"125","article-title":"The role of essential trace elements in embryonic and fetal development in livestock","volume":"166","author":"Hostetler CE","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hostetler CE, Kincaid RL, Mirando MA. The role of essential trace elements in embryonic and fetal development in livestock. Vet J. 2003;166(2):125\u2013139. doi:10.1016\/s1090-0233(02)00310-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"B4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","first-page":"1","article-title":"A basic approach to food animal necropsy","volume":"2","author":"Andrews JJ","year":"1986","unstructured":"Andrews JJ, Van Alstine WG, Schwartz KJ. A basic approach to food animal necropsy. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 1986;2(1):1\u201329. doi:10.1016\/s0749-0720(15)31284-6"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Trace Analysis Guide. Inorganic Ventures. Last modified January 2025. Accessed August 4, 2010. https:\/\/www.inorganicventures.com\/trace-analysis-guide\/acid-digestions-of-organic-samples","article-title":"Trace Analysis Guide"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"B6","series-title":"J Chromatogr A","first-page":"415","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of vitamins A and E in rat tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"778","author":"Barbas C","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barbas C, Castro M, Bonet B, Viana M, Herrera E. Simultaneous determination of vitamins A and E in rat tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 1997;778(1\u20132):415\u2013420. doi:10.1016\/s0749-0720(15)31284-6"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Mineral Levels in Animal Health","first-page":"83","article-title":"Copper-cattle","author":"Puls R","year":"1994","unstructured":"Puls R. Copper-cattle. In: Mineral Levels in Animal Health. 2nd ed. Sherpa International; 1994:83."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Mineral Levels in Animal Health","first-page":"75","article-title":"Cobalt-cattle","author":"Puls R","year":"1994","unstructured":"Puls R. Cobalt-cattle. In: Mineral Levels in Animal Health. 2nd ed. Sherpa International; 1994:75."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Mineral Levels in Animal Health","first-page":"120","article-title":"Iodine-cattle","author":"Puls R","year":"1994","unstructured":"Puls R. Iodine-cattle. In: Mineral Levels in Animal Health. 2nd ed. Sherpa International; 1994:120."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Mineral Levels in Animal Health","first-page":"135","article-title":"Iron-cattle","author":"Puls R","year":"1994","unstructured":"Puls R. Iron-cattle. In: Mineral Levels in Animal Health. 2nd ed. Sherpa International; 1994:135."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Mineral Levels in Animal Health","first-page":"173","article-title":"Manganese-cattle","author":"Puls R","year":"1994","unstructured":"Puls R. Manganese-cattle. In: Mineral Levels in Animal Health. 2nd ed. Sherpa International; 1994:173."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Mineral Levels in Animal Health","first-page":"230","article-title":"Selenium-cattle","author":"Puls R","year":"1994","unstructured":"Puls R. Selenium-cattle. In: Mineral Levels in Animal Health. 2nd ed. Sherpa International; 1994:230."},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Mineral Levels in Animal Health","first-page":"283","article-title":"Zinc-cattle","author":"Puls R","year":"1994","unstructured":"Puls R. Zinc-cattle. In: Mineral Levels in Animal Health. 2nd ed. Sherpa International; 1994:283."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Vitamin Levels in Animal Health","first-page":"15","article-title":"Vitamin A-cattle","author":"Puls R","year":"1994","unstructured":"Puls R. Vitamin A-cattle. In: Vitamin Levels in Animal Health. Sherpa International; 1994:15."},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Vitamin Levels in Animal Health","first-page":"98","article-title":"Vitamin E","author":"Puls R","year":"1994","unstructured":"Puls R. Vitamin E. In: Vitamin Levels in Animal Health. Sherpa International; 1994:98."},{"key":"B16","first-page":"887","article-title":"North Dakota Agricultural Statistics 2024","author":"Jantzi D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jantzi D, Rangel L, Krupich B. North Dakota Agricultural Statistics 2024. North Dakota State University, North Dakota Department of Agriculture, USDA; 2024:887."},{"issue":"3","key":"B17","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"376","article-title":"Evaluating micronutrient concentrations in liver samples from abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal and postnatal losses in beef calves","volume":"26","author":"Waldner CL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waldner CL, Blakley BR. Evaluating micronutrient concentrations in liver samples from abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal and postnatal losses in beef calves. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2014;26(3):376\u2013389. doi:10.1177\/1040638714526597"},{"issue":"10","key":"B18","series-title":"Nutr Res","first-page":"1519","article-title":"Copper deficiency and immune response in ruminants","volume":"20","author":"Minatel L","year":"2000","unstructured":"Minatel L, Carfagnini JC. Copper deficiency and immune response in ruminants. Nutr Res. 2000;20(10):1519\u20131529. doi:10.1016\/S0271-5317(00)80033-0"},{"issue":"11","key":"B19","series-title":"J Dairy Sci","first-page":"3588","article-title":"Deposition of copper, manganese, zinc, and selenium in bovine fetal tissue at different stages of gestation","volume":"76","author":"Abdelrahman MM","year":"1993","unstructured":"Abdelrahman MM, Kincaid RL. Deposition of copper, manganese, zinc, and selenium in bovine fetal tissue at different stages of gestation. J Dairy Sci. 1993;76(11):3588\u20133593. doi:10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77698-5"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer\u2019s Pathology of Domestic Animals","first-page":"342","article-title":"Liver and biliary system","volume":"Vol 2","author":"Cullen JM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cullen JM, Stalker MJ. Liver and biliary system. In: Maxie MG, ed. Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer\u2019s Pathology of Domestic Animals. Vol 2. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2016:342\u2013343."},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"Transl Anim Sci","first-page":"txad097","article-title":"Effects of copper, zinc, and manganese source and inclusion during late gestation on beef cow-calf performance, mineral transfer, and metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Stephenson EL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stephenson EL, Rathert-Williams AR, Kenny AL, et al. Effects of copper, zinc, and manganese source and inclusion during late gestation on beef cow-calf performance, mineral transfer, and metabolism. Transl Anim Sci. 2023;7(1):txad097. doi:10.1093\/tas\/txad097"},{"issue":"2","key":"B22","series-title":"J Anim Sci","first-page":"861","article-title":"Effect of dietary copper and breed on gene products involved in copper acquisition, distribution, and use in Angus and Simmental cows and fetuses","volume":"91","author":"Fry RS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fry RS, Spears JW, Lloyd KE, O\u2019Nan AT, Ashwell MS. Effect of dietary copper and breed on gene products involved in copper acquisition, distribution, and use in Angus and Simmental cows and fetuses. J Anim Sci. 2013;91(2):861\u2013871. doi:10.2527\/jas.2011-3888"},{"issue":"8","key":"B23","series-title":"J Dairy Sci","first-page":"1637","article-title":"Maternal-fetal relationships of copper, manganese, and sulfur in ruminants. A review","volume":"64","author":"Hidiroglou M","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hidiroglou M, Knipfel JE. Maternal-fetal relationships of copper, manganese, and sulfur in ruminants. A review. J Dairy Sci. 1981;64(8):1637\u20131647. doi:10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(81)82741-5"},{"issue":"12","key":"B24","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"2404","article-title":"Impacts of bovine trace mineral supplementation on maternal and offspring production and health","volume":"10","author":"Van Emon M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Emon M, Sanford C, McCoski S. Impacts of bovine trace mineral supplementation on maternal and offspring production and health. Animals (Basel). 2020;10(12):2404. doi:10.3390\/ani10122404"},{"issue":"1","key":"B25","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"77","article-title":"Relationships between maternal and fetal liver copper, iron, manganese, and zinc concentrations and fetal development in California Holstein dairy cows","volume":"6","author":"Graham TW","year":"1994","unstructured":"Graham TW, Thurmond M, Mohr FC, Holmberg CA, Anderson ML, Keen CL. Relationships between maternal and fetal liver copper, iron, manganese, and zinc concentrations and fetal development in California Holstein dairy cows. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1994;6(1):77\u201387. doi:10.1177\/104063879400600114"},{"issue":"7","key":"B26","series-title":"Br J Nutr","first-page":"1068","article-title":"The addition of high manganese to a copper-deficient diet further depresses copper status and growth of cattle","volume":"101","author":"Hansen SL","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hansen SL, Ashwell MS, Legleiter LR, Fry RS, Lloyd KE, Spears JW. The addition of high manganese to a copper-deficient diet further depresses copper status and growth of cattle. Br J Nutr. 2008;101(7):1068\u20131078. doi:10.1017\/S0007114508057589"},{"key":"B27","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle","first-page":"110","article-title":"Minerals","year":"2016","unstructured":"The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Minerals. In: Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 8th ed. The National Academies Press; 2016:110."},{"key":"B28","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle","first-page":"140","article-title":"Vitamins","year":"2016","unstructured":"The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Vitamins. In: Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 8th ed. The National Academies Press; 2016:140\u2013145."},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle","first-page":"256","article-title":"Effects of stress on beef cattle nutrient requirements","year":"2016","unstructured":"The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Effects of stress on beef cattle nutrient requirements. In: Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 8th ed. The National Academies Press; 2016:256."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/S1\/javma.24.12.0801.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/S1\/javma.24.12.0801.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/263\/S1\/javma.24.12.0801.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T15:44:00Z","timestamp":1747410240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/263\/S1\/javma.24.12.0801.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.24.12.0801","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]}}}