{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:24:59Z","timestamp":1761895499024,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 10-year-old Lipizzaner stallion was evaluated over the course of 1.5 years because of intermittent, recurrent colic.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014The horse was initially treated medically for gastric ulcers; dietary changes were made, and a deworming protocol was instituted, without resolution of colic episodes. Subsequently, the horse underwent exploratory celiotomy and a large colon volvulus was identified with diffuse colonic wall thickening. A pelvic flexure biopsy sample was submitted for histologic examination, which revealed lymphocytic (CD3-positive T cells) myenteric ganglionitis (MG). The horse developed a cecal impaction after surgery, which did not resolve, despite aggressive medical management; subsequently a complete cecal bypass was performed. Cecal and colonic wall biopsy samples were evaluated histologically and confirmed the diagnosis of MG. After surgery, the horse developed a large colon impaction, which initially responded to aggressive medical treatment, and the horse was discharged.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Despite rigorous feed restrictions and prokinetic and corticosteroid treatment, the horse continued to have signs of colic and was euthanized 3 weeks after discharge from the hospital because of a recurrent large colon impaction. Intestinal biopsy samples obtained at the time of death revealed chronic changes in intramural ganglia consistent with generalized MG.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014MG is a rare disease in horses, causing gastrointestinal motility dysfunction and signs of colic, which is challenging to diagnose and treat successfully. Further studies are needed to identify the etiology of this disease and to explore treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.12.1494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T14:07:22Z","timestamp":1338559642000},"page":"1494-1500","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Myenteric ganglionitis as a cause of recurrent colic in an adult horse"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Karen R.","family":"Blake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verena K.","family":"Affolter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Lowenstine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose G.","family":"Vilches-Moure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah S.","family":"le Jeune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"year":"1998","series-title":"Equine diagnostic ultrasound","author":"Reef","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"505","article-title":"Treatments to promote colonic hydration: enteral fluid therapy versus intravenous fluid therapy and magnesium sulphate","volume":"34","author":"Lopes","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"752","article-title":"Eosinophilic myenteric ganglionitis is associated with functional intestinal obstruction","volume":"52","author":"Schappi","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol","first-page":"314","article-title":"Eosinophilic myenteric ganglionitis: a case of intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a 93-year-old female","volume":"45","author":"Chander","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"613","article-title":"Idiopathic myenteric ganglionitis underlying intractable vomiting in a young adult","volume":"12","author":"De Giorgio","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"1142","article-title":"Enteric neuronal autoantibodies in pseudoobstruction with small-cell lung carcinoma","volume":"101","author":"Graus","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol","first-page":"716","article-title":"Autoimmune enteropathy with severe atrophic gastritis and colitis in an adult: proposal of a generalized autoimmune disorder of the alimentary tract","volume":"33","author":"Mitomi","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr","first-page":"42","article-title":"Lymphocytic leiomyositis and myenteric ganglionitis are intrinsic features of cystic fibrosis: studies in distal intestinal obstruction syndrome and meconium ileus","volume":"49","author":"Smith","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"29","article-title":"Ganglioradiculitis in the dog. 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