{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:38:56Z","timestamp":1785577136872,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 7-month-old male Siberian Husky affected by lower motor neuron tetraparesis was anesthetized for electrodiagnostic testing and collection of muscle and nerve biopsy specimens.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Preanesthetic physical examination revealed a high rectal temperature, and serum biochemical analysis revealed high muscle and liver enzyme activities. The dog was anesthetized twice. The dog was anesthetized with isoflurane and developed moderate hypercarbia and mild hyperthermia. Injectable anesthetic agents were used to anesthetize the dog the second time, during which the dog developed severe malignant hyperthermia. A genetic test performed after anesthesia did not reveal a mutation of the <jats:italic>RYR<\/jats:italic>1 gene, the gene that mediates calcium-release channels in skeletal muscle. On the basis of clinical features, and because other neuromuscular disorders were ruled out, a genetic channelopathy involving the skeletal muscle ion channels was suspected.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014The dog was disconnected from the breathing system, and active cooling of the body was performed with ice packs applied to the body surface and alcohol applied to the foot pads. Cold crystalloid solutions were administered IV. Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen was performed to decrease end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Because dantrolene was not available, acepromazine was administered to facilitate a decrease in body temperature. The dog recovered from malignant hyperthermia and was discharged to the owner after 13 days of hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs affected by genetic muscle disorders should be considered at risk for perianesthetic malignant hyperthermia, even in the absence of an <jats:italic>RYR<\/jats:italic>1 gene mutation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.4.450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,6]],"date-time":"2012-02-06T15:15:25Z","timestamp":1328541325000},"page":"450-453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Unusual perianesthetic malignant hyperthermia in a dog"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Adami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Axiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Raith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Spadavecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"716","article-title":"Autosomal dominant canine malignant hyperthermia is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the skeletal muscle calcium release channel (RYR1)","volume":"95","author":"Roberts","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1419","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia: a syndrome not a disease","volume":"34","author":"Brunson","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol","first-page":"417","article-title":"Anesthesia for patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia","volume":"23","author":"Wappler","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"1274","article-title":"Effects of propofol on Ca2+ regulation by malignant hyperthermia-susceptible muscle membranes","volume":"82","author":"Fruen","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"11","article-title":"Effects of propofol on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in human astrocytoma cells","volume":"1145","author":"Barhoumi","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Jpn J Anesthesiol","first-page":"92","article-title":"Propofol triggers a marked body temperature increase in a patient with fulminant malignant hyperthermia (MH) without other symptoms of MH","volume":"59","author":"Murao","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"35","article-title":"Effects of opioids and anaesthetic drugs on body temperature in cats","volume":"37","author":"Posner","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1665","article-title":"Intrathecal morphine overdose in a dog","volume":"230","author":"da Cunha","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Muscle Nerve","first-page":"4","article-title":"Lehmann-Horn E Genetics and pathogenesis of malignant hyperthermia","volume":"23","author":"Jurkat-Rott","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"1493","article-title":"Lehmann-Horn E Skeletal muscle channelopathies","volume":"249","author":"Jurkat-Rott","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Muscle Nerve","first-page":"453","article-title":"Hypokalemic periodic paralysis associated with malignant hyperthermia","volume":"25","author":"Rajabally","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"189","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia and central core disease in a child with congenital dislocating hips: case presentation and review","volume":"35","author":"Eng","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Lumb & Jones' veterinary anesthesia and analgesia","first-page":"203","article-title":"Pharmacology","author":"Lemke","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Neurol Sci","first-page":"194","article-title":"Human skeletal muscle sodium channelopathies","volume":"26","author":"Vicart","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/240\/4\/javma.240.4.450.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/240\/4\/javma.240.4.450.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/240\/4\/javma.240.4.450.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:13:25Z","timestamp":1741353205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/240\/4\/javma.240.4.450.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.240.4.450","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]]}}}