{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T19:30:33Z","timestamp":1783798233723,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To examine associations between CSF biomarkers, initial neurologic dysfunction, and long-term ambulatory outcome in dogs with acute intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective clinical study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201454 dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDH and 16 clinically normal dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014For each dog, variables, including CSF myelin basic protein (MBP), lactate, calcium, glucose, and total protein concentrations; nucleated cell count; and creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase activities, were measured. For dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH, initial neurologic function was characterized by use of a modified Frankel score (MFS; determined on a scale of 0 to 5, where 0 represented paraplegia with no deep nociception and 5 represented paraspinal hyperesthesia only). Long-term follow-up was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Among dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH, those with CSF CK activity \u2264 38 U\/L had a 35-fold increase in the odds of long-term ambulation, compared with the odds in dogs with CSF CK activity &gt; 38 U\/L, adjusting for neurologic functioning at the evaluation. The CSF lactate, calcium, and glucose concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase activity were not predictive of long-term ambulatory outcome. Data analysis revealed that long-term functional recovery was &gt; 98% for affected dogs, regardless of their initial MFS, when CSF CK activity was \u2264 38 U\/L and MBP concentration was \u2264 3 ng\/mL.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014In dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDH, CSF CK activity and MBP concentration appeared to be prognostic indicators and, along with initial MFS, can be used to predict long-term ambulatory outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.5.555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,14]],"date-time":"2012-02-14T19:26:17Z","timestamp":1329247577000},"page":"555-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Associations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and long-term neurologic outcome in dogs with acute intervertebral disk herniation"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Tige H.","family":"Witsberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey T.","family":"Fosgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret R.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon C.","family":"Kerwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwendolyn J.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Small Anim 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