{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:45:26Z","timestamp":1780479926187,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was hospitalized in Ocala, Fla, because of lethargy, fever, anorexia, and swelling of distal aspects of the limbs. A tentative diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis (EP) was made on the basis of examination of a blood smear. The case was reported to the Florida State Veterinarian, and infection with <jats:italic>Babesia equi<\/jats:italic> was confirmed. The subsequent investigation included quarantine and testing of potentially exposed horses for <jats:italic>B equi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Babesia caballi<\/jats:italic> infections, tick surveillance, and owner-agent interviews.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014210 horses on 25 premises were tested for infection with EP pathogens. Twenty <jats:italic>B equi<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected horses on 7 premises were identified; no horses tested positive for <jats:italic>B caballi.<\/jats:italic> Seven horses, including the index case, had clinical findings consistent with EP <jats:italic>Dermacentor variabilis<\/jats:italic> was considered the only potential tick vector for <jats:italic>B equi<\/jats:italic> collected, and all <jats:italic>D variabilis<\/jats:italic> specimens tested negative for <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> organisms via PCR assay. Results of the epidemiological investigation suggested that <jats:italic>B equi<\/jats:italic> was spread by use of shared needles and possibly blood transfusions. All horses that tested positive were involved in nonsanctioned Quarter Horse racing, and management practices were thought to pose substantial risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Final outcome of <jats:italic>B equi<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected horses was euthanasia, death from undetermined causes, or shipment to a US federal research facility.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014This investigation highlights the importance of collaboration between private veterinary practitioners, state veterinary diagnostic laboratories, and regulatory officials in the recognition, containment, and eradication of foreign animal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.5.588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,14]],"date-time":"2012-02-14T19:26:17Z","timestamp":1329247577000},"page":"588-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Outbreak of equine piroplasmosis in Florida"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Short","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol K.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanny","family":"Wenzlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian K.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Allred","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald 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