{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:53:54Z","timestamp":1793444034093,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To describe and evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes in female dogs after cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of ectopic ureters (CLA-EU).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Prospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201432 incontinent female dogs with intramural ectopic ureters.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014A diagnosis of intramural ectopic ureters was made via cystoscopy and fluoroscopy in all patients. Transurethral CLA-EU (via diode laser [n = 27] or Holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser [3]) was performed to relocate the ectopic ureteral orifice cranially into the urinary bladder. All vaginal anomalies were treated with the laser concurrently. Follow-up evaluation was standardized and included urinary continence scoring, serial bacteriologic culture of urine samples, and a follow-up cystoscopy 6 to 8 weeks after CLA-EU.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Ectopic ureteral orifices of all dogs were initially located in the urethra. Eighteen of 30 dogs had bilateral ectopic ureters, and 12 had unilateral ectopic ureters. All dogs had other concurrent urinary anomalies. At the time of last follow-up (median, 2.7 years after CLA-EU, [range, 12 to 62 months]), 14 of 30 (47%) dogs did not require any additional treatments following CLA-EU to maintain urinary continence. For the 16 residually incontinent dogs, the addition of medical management, transurethral bulking-agent injection, or placement of a hydraulic occluder was effective in 3, 2, and 4 dogs, respectively, improving the overall urinary continence rate to 77% (23\/30 dogs). One dog had evidence of polypoid cystitis at the neoureteral orifice 6 weeks after CLA-EU that was resolved at 3 months.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014CLA-EU provided an effective, safe, and minimally invasive alternative to surgery for intramural ectopic ureters in female dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.6.716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T10:55:58Z","timestamp":1330599358000},"page":"716-725","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Evaluation of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of intramural ectopic ureters in female dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Allyson C.","family":"Berent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chick","family":"Weisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp D.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demetrius","family":"Bagley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","first-page":"17","article-title":"Diagnosis and surgical management of ectopic ureters","volume":"15","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"395","article-title":"Ectopic ureterocele in a male dog: a case report and review of surgical management","volume":"42","author":"Tattersall","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1607","article-title":"Congenital ectopic ureters in a continent male dog and cat","volume":"224","author":"Steffey","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Use of cystoscopicguided laser ablation for treatment of intramural ureteral ectopia in male dogs: four cases (2006\u20132007)","volume":"232","author":"Berent","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"347","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in dogs and cats","volume":"127","author":"Holt","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"407","article-title":"Canine ureteral ectopia\u2014a review. 1. 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