{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T09:20:56Z","timestamp":1793697656836,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nObjective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare efficacy and safety of treatment with phenobarbital or bromide as the first-choice antiepileptic drug (AED) in dogs.<\/jats:p>\nDesign<\/jats:bold>\u2014Double-blinded, randomized, parallel, clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\nAnimals<\/jats:bold>\u201446 AED-na\u00efve dogs with naturally occurring epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\nProcedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Study inclusion was based on age, history, findings on physical and neurologic examinations, and clinicopathologic test results. For either phenobarbital treatment (21 dogs) or bromide treatment (25), a 7-day loading dose period was initiated along with a maintenance dose, which was adjusted on the basis of monthly monitoring. Efficacy and safety outcomes were compared between times (baseline and study end [generally 6 months]) and between drugs.<\/jats:p>\nResults<\/jats:bold>\u2014Phenobarbital treatment resulted in eradication of seizures (17\/20 [85%]) significantly more often than did bromide (12\/23 [52%]); phenobarbital treatment also resulted in a greater percentage decrease in seizure duration (88 \u00b1 34%), compared with bromide (49 \u00b1 75%). Seizure activity worsened in 3 bromide-treated dogs only. In dogs with seizure eradication, mean \u00b1 SD serum phenobarbital concentration was 25 \u00b1 6 \u03bcg\/mL (phenobarbital dosage, 4.1 \u00b1 1.1 mg\/kg [1.9 \u00b1 0.5 mg\/lb], PO, q 12 h) and mean serum bromide concentration was 1.8 \u00b1 0.6 mg\/mL (bromide dosage, 31 \u00b1 11 mg\/kg [14 \u00b1 5 mg\/lb], PO, q 12 h). Ataxia, lethargy, and polydipsia were greater at 1 month for phenobarbital-treated dogs; vomiting was greater for bromide-treated dogs at 1 month and study end.<\/jats:p>\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Both phenobarbital and bromide were reasonable first-choice AEDs for dogs, but phenobarbital was more effective and better tolerated during the first 6 months of treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.9.1073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,19]],"date-time":"2012-04-19T14:39:55Z","timestamp":1334846395000},"page":"1073-1083","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Comparison of phenobarbital with bromide as a first-choice antiepileptic drug for treatment of epilepsy in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Dawn Merton","family":"Boothe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Mark","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"947","article-title":"Clinical management of canine seizures","volume":"18","author":"Parent","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"26","article-title":"Medical management of recurrent seizures in dogs and cats","volume":"4","author":"Lane","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Prog Vet Neurol","first-page":"195","article-title":"Potassium bromide as an adjunct to phenobarbital for the management of uncontrolled seizures in 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