{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:26:19Z","timestamp":1788942379204,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 7-year-old neutered male Saint Bernard was evaluated because of a 6-month history of coughing, gagging, change in phonation, excessive panting, and chronic intermittent vomiting and diarrhea.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Physical examination revealed no remarkable findings other than panting. Total thyroxine concentration and results of a CBC, serum biochemistry analysis, urinalysis, and thoracic radiography were within reference limits. A laryngeal examination revealed edema, erythema, and ulceration of the larynx and pharynx, with normal laryngeal movement. Results of bronchoscopy and cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were diagnostic only for distal tracheitis. Esophagoscopy and an esophagography revealed esophagitis consistent with gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroduodenoscopy and histologic examination of biopsy specimens revealed <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> colonization and lymphocytic or plasmacytic enteritis.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Following treatment for gastroesophageal reflux and suspected <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> infection with combination antacid and antimicrobial treatment, the dog's respiratory signs resolved but vomiting continued. Gastroduodenoscopy revealed complete resolution of the previous laryngitis, pharyngitis, and esophagitis. Treatment for the lymphocytic or plasmacytic enteritis was initiated with prednisone (1 mg\/kg [0.45 mg\/lb], PO, q 12 h) and a novel protein diet. The previous treatment was also continued. Complete resolution of clinical signs was maintained 4 months after initiation of appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Laryngeal dysfunction induced by gastroesophageal reflux as occurred in the patient described in this report is a previously undocumented association in the veterinary literature. This association could be a potential consideration in dogs with concurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal signs. The present report may provide a basis for further studies investigating this association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.9.1100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,19]],"date-time":"2012-04-19T14:39:55Z","timestamp":1334846395000},"page":"1100-1103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Gastroesophageal reflux and laryngeal dysfunction in a dog"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Cassie N.","family":"Lux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd M.","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari V.","family":"Lunsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Gut Liver","first-page":"447","article-title":"Treatment for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection among 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disease","volume":"5","author":"Vaezi","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"100S","article-title":"Role of refluxed acid in pathogenesis of laryngeal disorders","volume":"103","author":"Toohill","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol","first-page":"69","article-title":"Reflux-induced laryngitis (laryngopharyneal reflux)","volume":"9","author":"Vaezi","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"2098","article-title":"The role of gastric and duodenal agents in laryngeal injury: an experimental canine model","volume":"99","author":"Adhami","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"333","article-title":"Laryngeal signs and symptoms and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): a critical assessment of cause and effect association","volume":"1","author":"Vaezi","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1502","article-title":"Paroxysmal laryngospasm secondary to gastroesophageal reflux","volume":"106","author":"Loughlin","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"41","article-title":"Pilot study of the oral omeprazole test for reflux laryngitis","volume":"116","author":"Metz","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"215","article-title":"Laryngopharyngeal reflux: consensus conference report","volume":"10","author":"Kouffman","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Med Gen Med","first-page":"25","article-title":"Atypical manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"7","author":"Vaezi","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1560","article-title":"Correlation of findings on direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy with presence of extraesophageal reflux disease","volume":"110","author":"Carr","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","first-page":"191","article-title":"Immunogenicity and pathogenicity of Helicobacter infections of veterinary animals","volume":"122","author":"Harbour","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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