{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:40:28Z","timestamp":1762004428622,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 43-kg (95-lb) 4-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog was evaluated because of a 2-day history of dysuria.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Radiography and ultrasonography revealed hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and radiolucent, hyperechoic uroliths in the right kidney and ureter and the urinary bladder. Serum bile acids concentration was within the reference interval.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014The uroliths in the bladder and right ureter were surgically removed and submitted for analysis. They were initially identified as urate uroliths; however, results of further analysis indicated uroliths were composed of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA), and 2,8-DHA was identified in a urine sample of the dog. Allopurinol was prescribed for the dog, and a purine-restricted diet was recommended.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u20142,8-DHA uroliths are extremely rare in humans and dogs. Such uroliths may be underdiagnosed in humans because of variability of clinical signs and difficulty in differentiating 2,8-DHA and urate uroliths and crystalluria. Uroliths composed of 2,8-DHA may be misdiagnosed as urate uroliths in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.10.1348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]],"date-time":"2012-10-31T14:43:32Z","timestamp":1351694612000},"page":"1348-1352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["2,8-dihydroxyadenine uroliths in a dog"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Doreen M.","family":"Houston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia Z.","family":"Mendonca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Focus","first-page":"22","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of urinary calculi in dogs and cats","volume":"17","author":"Moore","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"99","article-title":"Accumulation of 2,8 dihydroxyadenine in bovine liver, kidney, and lymph nodes","volume":"28","author":"McCaskey","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Biochem Genet","first-page":"265","article-title":"Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase: a simple spectrophotometric assay and the incidence of mutation in the normal population","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant","first-page":"1909","article-title":"Crystalline nephropathy due to 2,8-dihydroxyadeninuria: an under-recognized cause of irreversible renal failure","volume":"25","author":"Nasr","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Urol Int","first-page":"174","article-title":"2,8-dihydroxyadeninuria: laboratory diagnosis and therapy control","volume":"43","author":"Hesse","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Clin Chim Acta","first-page":"103","article-title":"2,8-dihydroxyadenine lithiasis","volume":"160","author":"Simmonds","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Pediatr Nephrol","first-page":"415","article-title":"Nephrolithiasis related to inborn metabolic diseases","volume":"25","author":"Cochat","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Kidney Int","first-page":"910","article-title":"Sequential analysis of kidney stone formation in the Aprt knockout mouse","volume":"60","author":"Evan","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Indian J Nephrol","first-page":"34","article-title":"2, 8 dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis: a case report and review of literature","volume":"19","author":"Sreejith","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant","first-page":"998","article-title":"Recurrence of 2, 8-dihydroxyadenine tubulointerstitial lesions in a kidney transplant recipient with a primary presentation of chronic renal failure","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Biochem J","first-page":"485","article-title":"The identification of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, a new component of urinary stones","volume":"157","author":"Simmonds","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease","first-page":"1707","article-title":"Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency and 2,8-dihydroxyadenine lithiasis","author":"Simmonds","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Hum Genet","first-page":"163","article-title":"Genetic and clinical studies on 19 families with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiencies","volume":"75","author":"Kamatani","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Ann Biol Clin (Paris)","first-page":"585","article-title":"2,8-dihydroxyadenine nephrolithiasis: from diagnosis to therapy [in French]","volume":"65","author":"Bouzidi","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Clin Nephrol","first-page":"195","article-title":"2,8-dihydroxyadeninuria\u2014or when is a uric acid stone not a uric acid stone?","volume":"12","author":"Simmonds","year":"1979"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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