{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:59:06Z","timestamp":1791892746988,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe the procedure and clinical usefulness of locking-loop pigtail nephrostomy catheter (PNC) placement in dogs and cats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201416 cats (18 kidneys) and 4 dogs (4 kidneys) that underwent PNC placement.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of patients that underwent PNC placement were reviewed. The PNCs were placed percutaneously with ultrasonographic and fluoroscopic guidance or via a ventral midline laparotomy with fluoroscopic guidance. Either a modified Seldinger technique or a 1-stab trocar introduction technique was used for PNC placement. Preoperative renal pelvic size, postoperative renal pelvic decompression, catheter patency, serum biochemical changes, and results of microbial culture of urine samples were reviewed. Length of time the catheter was in place, reason and method for catheter removal, complications, and clinical outcomes were noted.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Reasons for PNC placement were ureterolithiasis (15 kidneys), ureteral stricture (3), malignant obstruction (2), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (2). Seven of 22 catheters were placed percutaneously, and 15 were placed via a ventral midline laparotomy. Catheters were either size 5F (n = 17) or 6F (5). The PNCs remained indwelling for a median of 7 days (range, 1 to 28 days). Catheter-associated complications included urine leakage (n = 1) and accidental dislodgement by the patient at home (1). All catheters performed successfully by providing temporary urine diversion and drainage for successful renal pelvis decompression.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Placement of locking-loop PNCs was safe, effective, and well tolerated in dogs and cats for temporary urine diversion to achieve renal pelvis decompression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.3.348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,19]],"date-time":"2012-07-19T18:56:36Z","timestamp":1342724196000},"page":"348-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Use of locking-loop pigtail nephrostomy catheters in dogs and cats: 20 cases (2004\u20132009)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Allyson C.","family":"Berent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chick W.","family":"Weisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly L.","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demetrius H.","family":"Bagley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"932","article-title":"Clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic abnormalities in cats with ureteral calculi: 163 cases (1984-2002)","volume":"226","author":"Kyles","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"937","article-title":"Management and outcome of cats with ureteral calculi: 153 cases (1984-2002)","volume":"226","author":"Kyles","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Ureteral stenting for benign and malignant disease in dogs and 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unit","volume":"224","author":"Smarick","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"24","article-title":"Double pigtail ureteric stent versus percutaneous nephrostomy: effects on stone transit and ureteric motility","volume":"31","author":"Lennon","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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