{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:02:33Z","timestamp":1787320953344,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014A 9-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was examined because of hypertension that persisted after resolution of the patient's hyperthyroidism. Bilateral hypertensive retinopathy, a systolic heart murmur, left ventricular hypertrophy, and tachycardia were present.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Biochemical analysis revealed mild hypokalemia, normonatremia, high serum creatine kinase activity, high serum aldosterone concentration, and low plasma renin activity consistent with hyperaldosteronism. Hypercalcemia with an associated high serum parathyroid hormone concentration and an exaggerated low-dose dexamethasone suppression test result were consistent with concurrent hyperparathyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism, respectively. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a markedly enlarged left adrenal gland, an abnormally small right adrenal gland, and 2 nodules in the right thyroid and parathyroid glands.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed concurrently with right thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Histologic evaluation revealed an adrenal cortical adenoma, thyroid adenoma, and parathyroid adenoma. The cat recovered from surgery without complications. The hypercalcemia and hypertension resolved after surgery. Follow-up echocardiography revealed improvement in the left ventricular hypertrophy. Ultrasonographic examinations performed up to 26 months after adrenalectomy showed no evidence of regrowth of the adrenal mass. The patient survived for 44 months after adrenalectomy with no signs of recurrent hyperaldosteronism or hyperadrenocorticism.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Laparoscopic adrenalectomy may be a plausible method for the treatment of unilateral functional adrenal neoplasia in feline patients when diagnostic imaging has ruled out intravascular invasion and metastatic disease. In addition, in a feline patient with hyperthyroidism and hypertension, other endocrine glands should be investigated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.3.368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,19]],"date-time":"2012-07-19T14:56:36Z","timestamp":1342709796000},"page":"368-372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for management of a functional adrenal tumor in a cat"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Rebecca R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp D.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyson C.","family":"Berent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"541","article-title":"Comparison of three techniques for ovarian pedicle hemostasis during laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy","volume":"36","author":"Mayhew","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"378","article-title":"Appendix retrieval after laparoscopic appendectomy: a safe and inexpensive technique (lett)","volume":"5","author":"Gett","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"293","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) in a cat; a case report and review of comparative aspects","volume":"24","author":"Eger","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1563","article-title":"Potassium depletion in cats: hypokalemic polymyopathy","volume":"191","author":"Dow","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"335","article-title":"Endocrine hypertension in small animals","volume":"40","author":"Reusch","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"353","article-title":"Feline primary hyperaldosteronism, a literature review","volume":"40","author":"Schulman","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"173","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism in the cat: a series of 13 cases","volume":"7","author":"Ash","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"411","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism in two cats","volume":"35","author":"Flood","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"209","article-title":"Adrenalectomy and caval thrombectomy in a cat with primary hyperaldosteronism","volume":"43","author":"Rose","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"355","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism and hyperprogesteronism in a cat with an adrenal cortical carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"DeClue","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"38","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism in a cat with metastasized adrenocortical tumour","volume":"23","author":"Rijnberk","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"117","article-title":"Successful surgical treatment of a cat with primary hyperaldosteronism","volume":"1","author":"MacKay","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"85","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism, a mediator of progressive renal disease in cats","volume":"28","author":"Javadi","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"101","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in a cat","volume":"227","author":"Reimer","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"69","article-title":"What is your diagnosis? Abdominal mass aspirate in a cat with an increased Na:K ratio","volume":"38","author":"Renschler","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"213","article-title":"Use of abdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism in a cat","volume":"217","author":"Moore","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"932","article-title":"Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is superior to an open approach to treat hyperaldosteronism","volume":"66","author":"Duncan","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"389","article-title":"Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: new gold standard","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"275","article-title":"Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: comparison with the conventional approach","volume":"7","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"921","article-title":"Duration, complications, stress, and pain of open ovariohysterectomy versus a simple method of laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy in dogs","volume":"227","author":"Devitt","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"811","article-title":"The effect of laparoscopic versus open ovariectomy on postsurgical activity in small dogs","volume":"38","author":"Culp","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"738","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of two intracorporeally sutured prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy techniques compared with laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in dogs","volume":"38","author":"Mayhew","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"444","article-title":"Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for treatment of unilateral adrenocortical carcinomas: technique, complications, and results in seven dogs","volume":"37","author":"Jim\u00e9nez Pel\u00e9ez","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"925","article-title":"Advanced laparoscopic procedures (hepatobiliary, endocrine) in dogs and cats","volume":"39","author":"Mayhew","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"909","article-title":"Electromagnetic energy sources in surgery","volume":"39","author":"Dubiel","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"654","article-title":"Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994-2001)","volume":"223","author":"Kyles","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"738","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced computed tomography as a pre-operative indicator of vascular invasion from adrenal masses in dogs","volume":"38","author":"Schultz","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"237","article-title":"Imaging of adrenal gland disorders","volume":"27","author":"Tidwell","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"541","article-title":"Comparison of three techniques for ovarian pedicle hemostasis during laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy","volume":"36","author":"Mayhew","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"378","article-title":"Appendix retrieval after laparoscopic appendectomy: a safe and inexpensive technique (lett)","volume":"5","author":"Gett","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"293","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) in a cat; a case report and review of comparative aspects","volume":"24","author":"Eger","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1563","article-title":"Potassium depletion in cats: hypokalemic polymyopathy","volume":"191","author":"Dow","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"335","article-title":"Endocrine hypertension in small animals","volume":"40","author":"Reusch","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"353","article-title":"Feline primary hyperaldosteronism, a literature review","volume":"40","author":"Schulman","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"173","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism in the cat: a series of 13 cases","volume":"7","author":"Ash","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"411","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism in two cats","volume":"35","author":"Flood","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"209","article-title":"Adrenalectomy and caval thrombectomy in a cat with primary hyperaldosteronism","volume":"43","author":"Rose","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"355","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism and hyperprogesteronism in a cat with an adrenal cortical carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"DeClue","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"38","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism in a cat with metastasized adrenocortical tumour","volume":"23","author":"Rijnberk","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"117","article-title":"Successful surgical treatment of a cat with primary hyperaldosteronism","volume":"1","author":"MacKay","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"85","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism, a mediator of progressive renal disease in cats","volume":"28","author":"Javadi","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"101","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in a cat","volume":"227","author":"Reimer","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"69","article-title":"What is your diagnosis? Abdominal mass aspirate in a cat with an increased Na:K ratio","volume":"38","author":"Renschler","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"213","article-title":"Use of abdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism in a cat","volume":"217","author":"Moore","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"932","article-title":"Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is superior to an open approach to treat hyperaldosteronism","volume":"66","author":"Duncan","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"389","article-title":"Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: new gold standard","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"275","article-title":"Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: comparison with the conventional approach","volume":"7","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"921","article-title":"Duration, complications, stress, and pain of open ovariohysterectomy versus a simple method of laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy in dogs","volume":"227","author":"Devitt","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"811","article-title":"The effect of laparoscopic versus open ovariectomy on postsurgical activity in small dogs","volume":"38","author":"Culp","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"738","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of two intracorporeally sutured prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy techniques compared with laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in dogs","volume":"38","author":"Mayhew","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"444","article-title":"Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for treatment of unilateral adrenocortical carcinomas: technique, complications, and results in seven dogs","volume":"37","author":"Jim\u00e9nez Pel\u00e9ez","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"925","article-title":"Advanced laparoscopic procedures (hepatobiliary, endocrine) in dogs and cats","volume":"39","author":"Mayhew","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"909","article-title":"Electromagnetic energy sources in surgery","volume":"39","author":"Dubiel","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"654","article-title":"Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994-2001)","volume":"223","author":"Kyles","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"738","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced computed tomography as a pre-operative indicator of vascular invasion from adrenal masses in dogs","volume":"38","author":"Schultz","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"237","article-title":"Imaging of adrenal gland disorders","volume":"27","author":"Tidwell","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/241\/3\/javma.241.3.368.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/241\/3\/javma.241.3.368.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/241\/3\/javma.241.3.368.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:08:37Z","timestamp":1775765317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/241\/3\/javma.241.3.368.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.241.3.368","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]}}}