{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:24:18Z","timestamp":1791638658053,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare associations between vaccine types and other injectable drugs with development of injection-site sarcomas in cats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014181 cats with soft tissue sarcomas (cases), 96 cats with tumors at non-vaccine regions (control group I), and 159 cats with basal cell tumors (control group II).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Subjects were prospectively obtained from a large pathology database. Demographic, sarcoma location, basal cell tumor, and vaccine and other injectable history data were documented by use of a questionnaire and used to define case, control, and exposure status. Three control groups were included: cats with sarcomas at non-vaccine sites, cats with basal cell tumors, and a combined group of cats with sarcomas at non-vaccine sites and cats with basal cell tumors. \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tests, marginal homogeneity tests, and exact logistic regression were performed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014In the broad interscapular region, the frequency of administration of long-acting corticosteroid injections (dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and triamcinolone) was significantly higher in cases than in controls. In the broad rear limb region, case cats were significantly less likely to have received recombinant vaccines than inactivated vaccines; ORs from logistic regression analyses equaled 0.1, with 95% confidence intervals ranging from 0 to 0.4 and 0 to 0.7, depending on control group and time period of exposure used.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014This case-control study measuring temporal and spatial exposures efficiently detected associations between administrations of various types of vaccines (recombinant vs inactivated rabies) and other injectable products (ie, long-acting corticosteroids) with sarcoma development without the need to directly measure incidence. These findings nevertheless also indicated that no vaccines were risk free. The study is informative in allowing practitioners to weigh the relative merits and risks of commonly used pharmaceutical products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.5.595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,23]],"date-time":"2012-08-23T15:05:11Z","timestamp":1345734311000},"page":"595-602","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Comparative vaccine-specific and other injectable-specific risks of injection-site sarcomas in cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Anup","family":"Srivastav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence D.","family":"McGill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Farver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Do injection site reactions induce fibrosarcomas in cats? (lett)","first-page":"968","volume":"199","author":"Hendrick","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Comparison of the histology and immunohistochemistry of vaccination-site and non-vaccination-site sarcomas from cats in New Zealand","first-page":"203","volume":"55","author":"Aberdein","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Do postvaccinal sarcomas occur in Australian cats?","first-page":"102","volume":"75","author":"Burton","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Bilateral subcutaneous fibrosarcomas in a cat following feline parvo-, herpes- and calicivirus vaccination","first-page":"432","volume":"9","author":"De Man","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Feline vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma induced by aluminium compound in two cats: short communication","first-page":"111","volume":"56","author":"Deim","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Feline fibrosarcomas at vaccination sites and non-vaccination sites","first-page":"165","volume":"114","author":"Doddy","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Myofibroblastic sarcoma originating at the site of rabies vaccination in a cat","first-page":"637","volume":"5","author":"Dubielzig","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Postvaccination sarcomas in cats","first-page":"1245","volume":"202","author":"Esplin","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Cat and dog vaccination: results from the Suspected Adverse Reaction Surveillance Scheme","first-page":"455","volume":"143","author":"Gray","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Postvaccinal sarcomas in the cat: histology and immunohistochemistry","first-page":"126","volume":"31","author":"Hendrick","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Postvaccinal sarcomas in the cat: epidemiology and electron probe microanalytical identification of aluminum","first-page":"5391","volume":"52","author":"Hendrick","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Postvaccinal sarcomas in cats","first-page":"341","volume":"86","author":"Hendrick","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Epidemiologic evidence for a causal relation between vaccination and fibrosarcoma tumorigenesis in cats","first-page":"396","volume":"203","author":"Kass","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"The potential role and mechanisms of FeLV vaccine-induced neoplasms","first-page":"234","volume":"10","author":"Macy","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"The potential role of inflammation in the development of postvaccinal sarcomas in cats","first-page":"103","volume":"26","author":"Macy","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma in a cat","first-page":"660","volume":"44","author":"Martin","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Vaccine-associated feline sarcomas","first-page":"697","volume":"218","author":"Morrison","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Reported adverse reactions of veterinary drugs and vaccines in 2005","first-page":"57","volume":"149","author":"Muntener","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Keloidal fibromas and fibrosarcomas in the dog","first-page":"149","volume":"39","author":"Mikaelian","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Histology and immunohistochemistry of seven ferret vaccination-site fibrosarcomas","first-page":"288","volume":"40","author":"Munday","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Vaccine injection-site sarcoma in a ferret (lett)","first-page":"955","volume":"213","author":"Murray","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"A case of interscapular fibrosarcoma in a dwarf rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)","first-page":"900","volume":"21","author":"Petterino","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Fibrosarcomas at presumed sites of injection in dogs: characteristics and comparison with non-vaccination site fibrosarcomas and feline post-vaccinal fibrosarcomas","first-page":"286","volume":"50","author":"Vascellari","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Fibrosarcoma with typical features of postinjection sarcoma at site of microchip implant in a dog: histologic and immunohistochemical study","first-page":"545","volume":"43","author":"Vascellari","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Vaccine site-associated sarcomas in cats: clinical experience and a laboratory review (1982\u20131993)","first-page":"91","volume":"32","author":"Lester","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Multicenter case-control study of risk factors associated with development of vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats","first-page":"1283","volume":"223","author":"Kass","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Fibrosarcoma at the site of lufenuron injection in a cat","first-page":"8","volume":"23","author":"Esplin","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Vaccine-associated-like fibrosarcoma at the site of a deep nonabsorbable suture in a cat","first-page":"105","volume":"163","author":"Buracco","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Fibrosarcoma adjacent to the site of microchip implantation in a cat","first-page":"202","volume":"10","author":"Daly","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Fibrosarcoma arising at the site of a retained surgical sponge in a cat","first-page":"241","volume":"39","author":"Haddad","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Comparison of fibrosarcomas that developed at vaccination sites and at nonvaccination sites in cats: 239 cases (1991\u20131992)","first-page":"1425","volume":"205","author":"Hendrick","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"A kinetic study of histopathological changes in the subcutis of cats injected with non-adjuvanted and adjuvanted multi-component vaccines","first-page":"4073","volume":"25","author":"Day","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"1998 report of the American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel on Feline Vaccines","first-page":"227","volume":"212","author":"Elston","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Estimated prevalence of injection-site sarcomas in cats during 1992","first-page":"249","volume":"210","author":"Coyne","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Feline vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma: morphologic distinctions","first-page":"33","volume":"39","author":"Couto","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Current understanding of vaccination site-associated sarcomas in the cat","first-page":"15","volume":"1","author":"Macy","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Suspected adverse reactions, 2005","first-page":"464","volume":"158","author":"Dyer","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Suspected adverse reactions, 2006","first-page":"748","volume":"160","author":"Dyer","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"Suspected adverse reactions, 2007","first-page":"69","volume":"163","author":"Dyer","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"Suspected adverse reactions, 2008","first-page":"162","volume":"165","author":"Dyer","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"Suspected adverse reactions, 2009","first-page":"118","volume":"167","author":"Dyer","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"The incredible journey: microchip ID reunites owners with cat\u201413 years later","author":"Stein"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/241\/5\/javma.241.5.595.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/241\/5\/javma.241.5.595.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/241\/5\/javma.241.5.595.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:36:12Z","timestamp":1741347372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/241\/5\/javma.241.5.595.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.241.5.595","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]}}}