{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:16:15Z","timestamp":1765268175659,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe a technique and evaluate the outcome of thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation (TDL) and subphrenic pericardiectomy (SPP) for treatment of idiopathic chylothorax (IC) in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 client-owned dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of dogs with a diagnosis of IC that were subsequently treated by thoracoscopic TDL and SPP and that had not undergone previous surgical treatment were reviewed. Thoracoscopic TDL was performed via a 3-portal technique with the patient in lateral recumbency. Subphrenic pericardiectomy was subsequently performed via a 3-portal technique with the patient in dorsal recumbency. If visualization during SPP was suboptimal, 1-lung ventilation was used to ensure that pericardial resection was close to the phrenic nerves bilaterally but without risk of iatrogenic nerve injury.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014All TDL and SPP procedures were completed successfully in a median surgical time of 177 minutes (range, 135 to 210 minutes). All 6 dogs showed resolution of clinical signs of chylothorax with no recurrence during a median follow-up period of 39 months (range, 19 to 60 months). Final postoperative thoracic radiographic evaluation was performed at a median of 14.5 months (range, 7 to 25 months). Complete resolution of pleural effusion occurred in all but 1 dog. In 1 dog, a small volume of pleural effusion was persistent at a 7-month postoperative radiographic follow-up but was not associated with clinical signs and did not require thoracocentesis at any time during the dog's 25-month follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014From this limited series of patients, results suggested that a minimally invasive TDL-SPP combined surgical technique for management of IC in dogs may be associated with a similarly successful outcome as has been reported for open surgical TDL-SPP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.7.904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,26]],"date-time":"2012-09-26T22:38:11Z","timestamp":1348699091000},"page":"904-909","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Minimally invasive treatment of idiopathic chylothorax in dogs by thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation and subphrenic pericardiectomy: 6 cases (2007\u20132010)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Philipp D.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William T. N.","family":"Culp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelli N.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver D. E.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"68","article-title":"Results of thoracic duct ligation in dogs with chylothorax","volume":"193","author":"Birchard","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"652","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic chylothorax in dogs and cats","volume":"212","author":"Birchard","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2002.31062","article-title":"Thoracoscopic visualization and ligation of the thoracic duct in dogs","volume":"31","author":"Radlinsky","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Tijdschr Diergeneeskd","first-page":"278","article-title":"En bloc ligatie van de ductus thoracicus bij twaalf honden met idiopatische 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ligation and omentalization","volume":"46","author":"Stewart","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Med Rep","first-page":"394","article-title":"Thoracic duct embolization: use in canine chylothorax","volume":"1","author":"Pardo","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1682","article-title":"Effects of tetracycline hydrochloride on pleurae in dogs with induced pleural effusion","volume":"51","author":"Gallagher","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1987.tb00941.x","article-title":"Management of intractable pleural effusion in a dog with a pleuroperitoneal shunt","volume":"16","author":"Smeak","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1106","article-title":"Pleurovenous shunting technique for treatment of chylothorax in three dogs","volume":"191","author":"Willauer","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1999.00472.x","article-title":"Thoracoscopic versus open partial pericardectomy in dogs: comparison of postoperative pain and morbidity","volume":"28","author":"Walsh","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2009.00583.x","article-title":"Thoracoscopic sub-phrenic pericardectomy using double-lumen endobronchial intubation for alternating one-lung ventilation","volume":"38","author":"Mayhew","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"317","article-title":"Severe bilateral fibrosing pleuritis associated with chronic chylothorax in five cats and two dogs","volume":"201","author":"Fossum","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00071.x","article-title":"Comparison of radiographic and computed tomography lymphangiography for identification of the canine thoracic duct","volume":"46","author":"Esterline","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00473.x","article-title":"Computed tomographic lymphography of the thoracic duct by mesenteric lymph node injection","volume":"38","author":"Johnson","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"967","article-title":"Lymphangiographic evaluation of experimentally induced chylothorax after ligation of the cranial vena cava in dogs","volume":"47","author":"Fossum","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2005.00012.x","article-title":"The effect of cisterna chili ablation combined with thoracic duct ligation on abdominal lymphatic drainage","volume":"34","author":"Sicard","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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