{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:43:31Z","timestamp":1772556211229,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the impact of antimicrobial-containing semen extender on the growth of <jats:italic>Taylorella equigenitalis<\/jats:italic> in semen culture-positive for contagious equine metritis (CEM) and the development of CEM after artificial insemination with CEM-positive semen extended with antimicrobial-containing semen extender.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201421 mature mares free of CEM, 1 mature stallion experimentally infected with CEM, and semen from a stallion naturally infected with CEM.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014CEM-positive semen was incubated in semen extender with and without antimicrobials (amikacin [final concentration, 1 g\/L] and penicillin G potassium [0.63 g\/L]) followed by determination of the number of colony-forming units of <jats:italic>T equigenitalis<\/jats:italic>. Mares were inseminated with raw, extended, or cryopreserved semen culture-positive for <jats:italic>T equigenitalis<\/jats:italic> and observed for clinical signs of CEM. Samples for bacterial culture were obtained from the uterus, clitoral sinuses, and clitoral fossa of mares 7, 14, and 21 days after artificial insemination.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Antimicrobial-containing semen extender significantly reduced the number of colony-forming units of <jats:italic>T equigenitalis<\/jats:italic> in CEM-positive semen. Artificial insemination with raw CEM-positive semen resulted in clinical signs of CEM, whereas artificial insemination with extended or cryopreserved CEM-positive semen did not result in clinical signs of CEM.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Antimicrobial-containing semen extender significantly reduced the risk of dissemination of CEM. The inclusion of amikacin (1 g\/L) and penicillin G potassium (0.63 g\/L) in extended semen reduced the transmission of CEM from stallions to mares during artificial insemination, which may result in altered dissemination of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.7.916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,26]],"date-time":"2012-09-26T22:38:11Z","timestamp":1348699091000},"page":"916-921","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of antimicrobial-containing semen extender on risk of dissemination of contagious equine metritis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve F.","family":"Sells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward L.","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Timoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mats H. T.","family":"Troedsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Adv Vet Sci Comp Med","first-page":"161","article-title":"Contagious equine metritis","volume":"25","author":"Powell","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl","first-page":"331","article-title":"The epidemiology of contagious equine metritis (CEM) in England 1977\u20131978)","volume":"27","author":"Powell","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.111.21.478","article-title":"Isolation of the contagious equine metritis organism from colts and fillies in the United Kingdom and Ireland","volume":"111","author":"Timoney","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100.22.476-a","article-title":"Genital infection in 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Dev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1071\/RDv20n1Ab155","article-title":"Embryo transfer during concurrent contagious equine metritis infection","volume":"20","author":"Hayna","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3368","article-title":"Contagious equine metritis: an insidious threat to the US horse breeding industry","volume":"89","author":"Timoney","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.111.5.107","article-title":"Improved selective medium for isolation of the contagious equine metritis organism","volume":"111","author":"Timoney","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1978.tb02245.x","article-title":"The experimental infection of ponies with contagious equine metritis","volume":"10","author":"Platt","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.08.007","article-title":"Development of a real time PCR for the detection of Taylorella equigenitalis directly from genital swabs and discrimination from Taylorella asinigenitalis","volume":"118","author":"Wakeley","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102.7.152","article-title":"Survival properties of the causal agent of contagious equine metritis 1977","volume":"102","author":"Timoney","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl","first-page":"377","article-title":"Survival of Haemophilus equigenitalis in different antibiotic-containing semen extenders","volume":"27","author":"Timoney","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Contagious equine 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