{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:25:30Z","timestamp":1787063130922,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To characterize the clinical course of dogs with hemoperitoneum in the perioperative setting and to determine risk factors that may affect short-term outcome.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201483 client-owned dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The medical records of dogs with hemoperitoneum that underwent surgery between 2005 and 2010 were reviewed. Data were analyzed to determine risk factors associated with perioperative outcome. The perioperative period was defined as the time from admission to the hospital for treatment of hemoperitoneum until the time of discharge or euthanasia (within the same visit).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201413 of 83 (16%) dogs died or were euthanized in the perioperative period. The median hospitalization time for surviving dogs was 2 days (range, 1 to 5 days). The requirement for a massive transfusion with blood products was a negative prognostic indicator for hospital discharge. The source of bleeding was isolated to the spleen in 75 of 83 (90%) dogs; a splenic source of hemorrhage was determined to be a positive predictor of survival to discharge from the hospital.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014In the present study, factors associated with death and failure to be discharged from the hospital included tachycardia, a requirement for massive transfusion with blood products, and the development of respiratory disease secondary to suspected pulmonary thromboembolism or acute respiratory distress syndrome. The presence of disease within the spleen was positively associated with survival to discharge. Surgical intervention for treatment of hemoperitoneum, regardless of etiology, resulted in discharge from the hospital for 70 of the 83 (84%) dogs in this series.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.10.1385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T14:27:56Z","timestamp":1367418476000},"page":"1385-1391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Perioperative outcome in dogs with hemoperitoneum: 83 cases (2005\u20132010)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Cassie N.","family":"Lux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T. N.","family":"Culp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp D.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Rebhun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Acute nontraumatic hemoabdomen in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 39 cases (1987\u20132001)","first-page":"518","volume":"39","author":"Pintar","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Prognosis for acute nontraumatic hemoperitoneum in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 60 cases (2003\u20132006)","first-page":"72","volume":"45","author":"Aronsohn","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Clinical evaluation and management of hemoperitoneum in dogs","first-page":"40","volume":"18","author":"Herold","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in cats: 65 cases (1994\u20132006)","first-page":"978","volume":"236","author":"Culp","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Managing blunt trauma-induced hemoperitoneum in dogs and cats","first-page":"276","volume":"26","author":"Vinayak","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Peliosis hepatis and hemoperitoneum in a dog with diaphacinone intoxication","first-page":"388","volume":"18","author":"Beal","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"A practical approach to hemoperitoneum in the dog and cat","first-page":"657","volume":"30","author":"Brockman","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Evaluation of an abdominal fluid scoring system determined using abdominal focused 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(2003\u20132005)","first-page":"553","volume":"232","author":"Hammond","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Prevalence of malignancy when solitary versus multiple lesions are detected during abdominal ultrasonographic examination of dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum: 31 cases (2003\u20132008)","first-page":"496","volume":"19","author":"Levinson","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"A review of the pathophysiology, classification, and analysis of canine and feline cavitary effusions","first-page":"1","volume":"47","author":"Dempsey","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Description of clinical and pathological findings, treatment and outcome of feline large granular lymphocyte lymphoma (1996\u20132004)","first-page":"102","volume":"6","author":"Krick","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Hemorrhagic bile pleuritis and peritonitis secondary to traumatic common bile duct rupture, diaphragmatic tear, and rupture of the spleen in a dog","first-page":"631","volume":"18","author":"Peddle","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Radiographic, epidemiologic, and clinical aspects of simultaneous pleural and peritoneal effusions in dogs and cats: 48 cases (1982\u20131991)","first-page":"307","volume":"202","author":"Steyn","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Pulmonary thromboembolism in 29 dogs: 1985\u20131995","first-page":"338","volume":"13","author":"Johnson","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs\u201447 cases (1986\u20131987)","first-page":"1368","volume":"197","author":"LaRue","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Respiratory complications in critical illness of small animals","first-page":"709","volume":"41","author":"Campbell","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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