{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T20:14:01Z","timestamp":1783368841441,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014An 8-week-old female domestic shorthair cat was treated for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with surgical ligation. Seven weeks postoperatively, the cat was evaluated because of increased upper respiratory noise, inspiratory stridor, wheezing, and episodes of intermittent open-mouth breathing that had developed 1 week following the surgical ligation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The cat was sedated, and examination of the larynx revealed left-sided laryngeal paralysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014At the time left-sided laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed, the clinical signs of laryngeal dysfunction were not considered severe enough to warrant surgical intervention. No treatment was administered, and the owner monitored the cat for respiratory distress and worsening of clinical signs for an additional 5 months. During those 5 months, the clinical signs improved but persisted. Seven months after PDA ligation, the cat was again sedated and the larynx examined. The examination revealed persistent left arytenoid dysfunction, which was believed to be the result of permanent damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve that was sustained during the surgical ligation of the PDA. The owner was counseled about surgical and medical treatment options for laryngeal paralysis but elected to forego treatment at that time.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Unilateral laryngeal paralysis caused by iatrogenic damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a potential complication subsequent to surgical ligation of a PDA. The frequency of iatrogenically induced laryngeal paralysis is likely underestimated in small animal patients. Laryngoscopy should be performed in any small animal with a history of PDA attenuation and clinical signs of respiratory tract disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.12.1727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T12:13:42Z","timestamp":1370002422000},"page":"1727-1731","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unilateral laryngeal paralysis subsequent to surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus in an 8-week-old domestic shorthair cat"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Krista N.","family":"Adamovich-Rippe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele A.","family":"Steffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie L.","family":"Ybarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynelle R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Veterinary surgery: small animal","first-page":"1825","article-title":"Cardiac surgery","author":"Orton","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Perinatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2008.109","article-title":"Vocal fold paralysis following surgical ductal closure in extremely low birth weight infants: a case series of feeding and respiratory complications","volume":"28","author":"Malcolm","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.05.001","article-title":"Sequelae of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after patent ductus 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(1993\u20132003)","volume":"36","author":"Goodrich","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"2011","article-title":"Results of ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: 201 cases (1969\u20131988)","volume":"196","author":"Birchard","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.1794","article-title":"Evaluation of survival rate and prognostic indicators for surgical treatment of left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: 52 cases (1995\u20132003)","volume":"227","author":"Bureau","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2001.20339","article-title":"Intraoperative hemorrhage during patent ductus arteriosus ligation in dogs","volume":"30","author":"Hunt","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)01152-8","article-title":"Incidence of vocal fold paralysis in infants undergoing ligation of patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"61","author":"Zbar","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2007.2","article-title":"Unilateral vocal cord paralysis following patent ductus arteriosus ligation in extremely low-birth-weight infants","volume":"134","author":"Clement","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"435","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus in the dog: characteristics of occurrence and results of surgery in one hundred consecutive cases","volume":"168","author":"Eyster","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-36-6-548","article-title":"Retrospective 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