{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:34:42Z","timestamp":1787625282208,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the disease-free interval (DFI) and median survival time (MST) in dogs with idiopathic and neoplastic pericardial effusion surgically treated by a thoracoscopic pericardial window procedure or subtotal pericardectomy via thoracotomy and to compare DFI and MST in dogs with and without a mass on preoperative echocardiography that underwent either surgical technique.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201458 dogs with pericardial effusion.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records between 1985 and 2010 were evaluated. Dogs were included in the study if they had confirmed pericardial effusion and underwent a thoracoscopic pericardial window procedure or subtotal pericardectomy via thoracotomy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Clinical signs of dogs at initial evaluation were similar, with the exception of lethargy, between dogs treated by subtotal pericardectomy via thoracotomy or the pericardial window procedure. Dogs with idiopathic pericardial effusion that underwent the thoracoscopic pericardial window procedure had significantly shorter DFI and MST than did those treated by subtotal pericardectomy via thoracotomy. For neoplastic pericardial effusion, DFI and MST were not significantly different between dogs treated with either surgical technique.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs with idiopathic pericardial effusion treated with a subtotal pericardectomy via thoracotomy had a significantly longer DFI and MST, compared with dogs treated by the thoracoscopic pericardial window procedure. This difference in outcome may be related to inaccuracy of the initial diagnosis or ineffectiveness of the pericardial window to palliate the signs of idiopathic pericardial effusion long term.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.4.493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T18:46:34Z","timestamp":1359571594000},"page":"493-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Outcome evaluation of a thoracoscopic pericardial window procedure or subtotal pericardectomy via thoracotomy for the treatment of pericardial effusion in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"J. Brad","family":"Case","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mac","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Aman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric L.","family":"Monnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"721","article-title":"Pericardial effusion in the dog: a review of 42 cases","volume":"20","author":"Berg","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1276","article-title":"Analysis of prognostic indicators for dogs with pericardial effusion: 46 cases (1985\u20131996)","volume":"212","author":"Dunning","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small 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ventilation","volume":"38","author":"Mayhew","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2004.03.002","article-title":"Development of pericardial mesothelioma in golden retrievers with a long-term history of idiopathic haemorrhagic pericardial effusion","volume":"131","author":"Machida","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.12.1456","article-title":"Echocardiographic and clinicopathologic characterization of pericardial effusion in dogs: 107 cases (1985\u20132006)","volume":"235","author":"MacDonald","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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