{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:09:31Z","timestamp":1788304171906,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To identify preoperative variables associated with postoperative hypocalcemia in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroidectomy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201462 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of dogs undergoing parathyroidectomy for treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism between January 2004 and January 2009 at 4 institutions were reviewed; data regarding various preoperative variables and postoperative serum total and ionized calcium concentrations were recorded. Preoperative ultrasonographic and surgical findings were compared regarding laterality (right, left, or bilateral) of parathyroid gland lesions. Data were analyzed via ANOVA, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression to identify associations between preoperative variables and postoperative serum total and ionized calcium nadir concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Preoperative variables significantly associated with low postoperative serum total calcium nadir concentrations included old age, history of weakness, lack of gastrointestinal tract signs, high serum parathyroid hormone concentration, and low serum calcium-phosphorus concentration product value. Preoperative variables significantly associated with low postoperative serum ionized calcium nadir concentrations included sexually intact status, low body weight, high serum urea nitrogen concentration, and lack of polyuria and polydipsia in the history. Age, body weight, serum calcium-phosphorus concentration product, and serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and urea nitrogen were included in the final multiple linear regression model for prediction of postoperative serum calcium concentrations. Ultrasonography was performed in 58 dogs; results for 44 (75.9%) dogs agreed with surgical findings regarding laterality of parathyroid gland lesions.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prediction of postoperative hypocalcemia in dogs in this study with primary hyperparathyroidism that underwent parathyroidectomy was difficult and depended on multiple (history, physical examination, and clinicopathologic) factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.4.507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T18:46:34Z","timestamp":1359571594000},"page":"507-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Preoperative factors associated with postoperative hypocalcemia in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism that underwent parathyroidectomy: 62 cases (2004\u20132009)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Milan","family":"Milovancev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad W.","family":"Schmiedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"350","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs: 21 cases (1976\u20131986)","volume":"191","author":"Berger","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Canine and feline endocrinology and reproduction","first-page":"660","article-title":"Hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism","author":"Feldman","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/030098587801500107","article-title":"Mediastinal parathyroid adenocarcinoma in a dog","volume":"15","author":"Patnaik","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Rad Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1993.tb01518.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of the parathyroid glands in hypercalcemic dogs","volume":"34","author":"Wisner","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Primary parathyroid gland hyperplasia in dogs: six cases (1982\u20131991)","volume":"202","author":"DeVries","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Suppl","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spontaneous hyperparathyroidism in the dog; a pathological-anatomical study","author":"Krook","year":"1957"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in a Beagle","volume":"147","author":"Pearson","year":"1965"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1476","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia in a dog","volume":"180","author":"Peterson","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2011.00276.x","article-title":"Outcome of 19 dogs with parathyroid carcinoma after surgical excision","volume":"10","author":"Sawyer","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.756","article-title":"Pretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism: 210 cases (1987\u20132004)","volume":"227","author":"Feldman","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery","first-page":"1711","article-title":"Parathyroid gland","author":"Flanders","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00872.x","article-title":"High-resolution parathyroid sonography","volume":"38","author":"Wisner","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00268.x","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in 29 dogs: diagnosis, treatment, outcome and associated renal failure","volume":"46","author":"Gear","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Kidney Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001606","article-title":"Inter-method variability in PTH measurement: implication for the care of CKD patients","volume":"70","author":"Souberbielle","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Kidney Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.374","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone measurement in CKD","volume":"77","author":"Souberbielle","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Textbook of veterinary internal medicine","first-page":"1379","article-title":"Disorders of the parathyroid glands","author":"Feldman","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5326\/0430070","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of three treatment methods for primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Rasor","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02948.x","article-title":"Inheritance, mode of inheritance, and candidate genes for primary hyperparathyroidism in Keeshonden","volume":"21","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Cell Tissue Res","first-page":"3","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of parathormone in the mammalian parathyroid gland using the protein A-gold technique","volume":"243","author":"Inoue","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589403100303","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein in normal and neoplastic canine tissues: immunohistochemical localization and biochemical extraction","volume":"31","author":"Grone","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(03)00004-5","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone immunohistochemistry in dogs with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism: the question of adenoma and primary hyperplasia","volume":"129","author":"van Vonderen","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"54","article-title":"Comparison of results of hormonal analysis of samples obtained from selected venous sites versus cervical ultrasonography for localizing parathyroid masses in dogs","volume":"211","author":"Feldman","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.01.010","article-title":"Calcium: total or ionized?","volume":"38","author":"Schenck","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.507.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.507.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.507.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:38:12Z","timestamp":1741347492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.507.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.242.4.507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]}}}