{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:28:24Z","timestamp":1790980104874,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 5-year-old male guinea pig (<jats:italic>Cavia porcellus<\/jats:italic>) was examined because of lethargy, weight loss, and episodic neurologic signs, including paddling in lateral recumbency, head tilt, and circling. Prior to initial examination, the animal was treated with corn syrup whenever it appeared lethargic, plus an unknown dosage of sulfadimethoxazole.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014The animal was thin, with abdominal distention and subtle torticollis. Chemistry panel results documented hypoglycemia (45 mg\/dL). Corn syrup was discontinued in favor of a high-fiber formula fed via a syringe. Measurement of blood insulin concentration demonstrated hyperinsulinemia (&gt; 1,440 pmol\/L [&gt; 201 \u03bcU\/L]), with concurrent hypoglycemia (0.6 mmol\/L [11 mg\/dL]).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Diazoxide treatment for presumptive insulinoma was started at a dosage of 5 mg\/kg (2.3 mg\/lb), PO, every 12 hours. A blood glucose curve demonstrated persistent hypoglycemia, and the diazoxide dosage was gradually increased to 25 mg\/kg (11.4 mg\/lb), PO, every 12 hours. A second glucose curve measurement 12 days later confirmed adequate euglycemic control. Three weeks after the initial diazoxide dosage increase, the animal was reexamined for constipation and abdominal distension and died the following day. Histologic analysis confirmed a pancreatic beta-cell tumor (insulinoma).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of premortem diagnosis and treatment of an insulinoma in a guinea pig. This case demonstrates that diazoxide treatment can help achieve euglycemia in hypoglycemic guinea pigs and is a potential treatment option for guinea pigs with insulinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.4.522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T18:46:34Z","timestamp":1359571594000},"page":"522-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Diagnosis and treatment of an insulinoma in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Laurie R.","family":"Hess","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Ravich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drury R.","family":"Reavill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents: clinical medicine and surgery","first-page":"291","article-title":"Biology, husbandry, and clinical techniques of guinea pigs and chinchillas","author":"Quesenberry","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Exotic animal formulary","first-page":"398","article-title":"Rodents","author":"Ness","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Harkness and Wagner's biology and medicine of rabbits and rodents","first-page":"211","article-title":"Clinical signs and differential diagnoses: the guinea pig","author":"Harkness","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents: clinical medicine and surgery","first-page":"274","article-title":"Soft tissue surgery","author":"Bennet","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Manual of exotic pet practice","first-page":"456","article-title":"Guinea pigs","author":"Riggs","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2007.09.001","article-title":"Pancreatic endocrinopathies in ferrets","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Small animal internal medicine","first-page":"765","article-title":"Disorders of the endocrine pancreas","author":"Nelson","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents: clinical medicine and surgery","first-page":"164","article-title":"Gastrointestinal diseases","author":"Jenkins","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents: clinical medicine and surgery","first-page":"80","article-title":"Endocrine diseases","author":"Quesenberry","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Semin Avian Exot Pet Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1053\/S1055-937X(03)00056-2","article-title":"Therapeutic contraindications in exotic pets","volume":"13","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Exotic animal formulary","first-page":"428","article-title":"Rabbits","author":"Hernandez-Divers","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Harkness and Wagner's biology and medicine of rabbits and rodents","first-page":"33","article-title":"Biology and husbandry: the rabbit and the guinea pig","author":"Harkness","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Exotic animal formulary","first-page":"459","article-title":"Ferrets","author":"Gamble","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"339","article-title":"Insulinoma in 2 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)","volume":"46","author":"Vannevel","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Plumb's veterinary drug handbook","first-page":"372","author":"Plumb","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.522.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.522.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.522.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:38:19Z","timestamp":1741347499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.522.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.242.4.522","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]}}}