{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:29:30Z","timestamp":1762079370329,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To assess pregnancy and live foaling rates after reduction of twin pregnancy via transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration (TUA) in mares and evaluate effects of gestational period, localization of conceptuses, fluid aspiration volume, and combination of TUA with embryonic or fetal puncture on these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201444 mares pregnant with twins (25 to 62 days of gestation).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014TUA was performed in all mares and combined with embryonic or fetal puncture in 13. Follow-up ultrasonographic examinations were performed by referring veterinarians. Effects of gestational period and TUA-related variables on pregnancy and foaling rates were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Singleton pregnancy (32\/44 [73%]), persistent twin pregnancy (3\/44 [7%]), or loss of both conceptuses (9\/44 [20%]) was confirmed 5 to 7 days after TUA. Two mares with persistent twin pregnancy underwent another TUA, and 1 underwent prostaglandin F<jats:sub>2\u03b1<\/jats:sub>\u2013induced abortion; these were excluded from subsequent analyses. Eighteen of 24 mares reevaluated 3 to 4 weeks after TUA were pregnant with 1 conceptus. Twenty of 41 (49%) mares delivered live singleton foals. Gestational period of TUA did not affect early pregnancy rates. Foaling rate for mares that underwent TUA after day 42 (0\/5) was lowest of all groups and was significantly lower than that of mares that underwent TUA between days 31 and 35 (9\/14). Three of 13 mares that underwent TUA with embryonic or fetal puncture delivered live foals, compared with 17 of 28 that underwent TUA alone. Effects of other variables were nonsignificant.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014TUA was effective for reduction of twin pregnancy in mares, with best results achieved before gestational day 43.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.4.527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T18:46:34Z","timestamp":1359571594000},"page":"527-532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of pregnancy and foaling rates after reduction of twin pregnancy via transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration in mares"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Jutta","family":"Klewitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natali","family":"Krekeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Ortgies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Heberling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Linke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Sieme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Theriogenology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(05)80041-X","article-title":"Natural outcome and ultrasonic identification of equine fetal twins","volume":"41","author":"Ginther","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"116","article-title":"Etiological aspects of perinatal mortality in the Thoroughbred","volume":"5","author":"Platt","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2006.08.002","article-title":"Management of postfixation twins in mares","volume":"22","author":"Wolfsdorf","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1170","article-title":"Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal death in horses: 3,527 cases (1986\u20131991)","volume":"203","author":"Giles","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Equine Vet Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(99)80234-2","article-title":"More twin pregnancies as season progresses","volume":"19","author":"Merkt","year":"1999"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"ref6","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","first-page":"18","article-title":"Equine abortion","volume":"15","author":"Ricketts","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Current therapy in equine medicine","first-page":"245","article-title":"Twins","author":"Frazer","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Current therapy in equine reproduction","first-page":"357","article-title":"Twin reduction techniques","author":"McKinnon","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01698.x","article-title":"Methods for the treatment of twin pregnancy in the mare","volume":"15","author":"Pascoe","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Theriogenology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(84)90434-5","article-title":"Postfixation embryo reduction in unilateral and bilateral twins in mares","volume":"22","author":"Ginther","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1989.tb02132.x","article-title":"Twin embryos in the mare: I. From ovulation to fixation","volume":"21","author":"Ginther","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1989.tb02134.x","article-title":"Twin embryos in mares: II. Post fixation embryo reduction","volume":"21","author":"Ginther","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"45","article-title":"The nature of embryo reductions in mares with twin conceptuses: deprivation hypothesis","volume":"50","author":"Ginther","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Ultrasonic diagnosis and management of early twins in the mare","first-page":"35","author":"Bowman","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Equine diagnostic ultrasonography","first-page":"141","author":"McKinnon","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Reprod Fertil","first-page":"447","article-title":"Termination of twin gestation by blastocyst crush in the bloodmare","volume":"32","author":"Roberts","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl","first-page":"701","article-title":"Comparison of two techniques and three hormone therapies for management of twin conceptuses by manual embryonic reduction","volume":"35","author":"Pascoe","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.133.19.478","article-title":"Transvaginal ultrasound-guided twin reduction in the mare","volume":"133","author":"Bracher","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Twin reduction in sixteen mares by transvaginal ultrasound-guided puncture of the embryonic vesicle","first-page":"49","author":"Jonker","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Pferdeheilkunde","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM19990625","article-title":"Transvaginal ultrasound-guided reduction of twin conceptuses in the mare","volume":"15","author":"Morris","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Anim Reprod Sci","first-page":"233","article-title":"Twin reduction in the mare: current options","volume":"60","author":"MacPherson","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Reprod Domest Anim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2004.00536.x","article-title":"Reduction of twin pregnancy in the mare by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration","volume":"39","author":"Mari","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Pferdeheilkunde","first-page":"165","article-title":"Untersuchungen zur transvaginalen ultrasonographisch geleiteten Reduktion von Zwillingstr\u00e4chtigkeiten bei der Stute","volume":"22","author":"Becker","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X320889","article-title":"Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of unilateral twin gestation in the mare","volume":"40","author":"Govaere","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Res Prog","first-page":"215","article-title":"Persistent endometrial cups in mares after abortion: effects on the oestrus cycle and fertility","volume":"23","author":"Thompson","year":"1982"},{"series-title":"How to manually reduce twins between 60 and 120 days gestation using cranio-cervical dislocation","author":"Wolfsdorf","key":"ref26"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Clin Theriogenol","first-page":"326","article-title":"Management of twins","volume":"2","author":"Wolfsdorf","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.527.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.527.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.527.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:38:25Z","timestamp":1741347505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/242\/4\/javma.242.4.527.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.242.4.527","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]}}}