{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:50:32Z","timestamp":1791492632362,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014An 11-year-old spayed female Siberian Husky was evaluated because of a 2-week history of progressive paraparesis.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results of neurologic examination were consistent with a T3-L3 myelopathy. There were no abnormalities on CBC, and hypercalcemia was noted on serum biochemical analysis. Several hypoechoic splenic nodules were evident on abdominal ultrasonography, and results of fine-needle aspiration cytology were consistent with splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). Two compressive, extradural masses in the dorsal epidural space of the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord were seen on MRI images.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014A dorsal laminectomy was performed to remove the extradural spinal masses. Results of histologic examination of tissue samples were consistent with EMH. Following surgery, clinical signs of paraparesis resolved, and there was no recurrence of the masses 24 months after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Extramedullary hematopoesis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs in which results of diagnostic imaging indicate a epidural mass. In human patients, spinal EMH usually occurs secondary to an underlying hematologic disease, but it can also occur spontaneously. Treatment options reported for humans include surgical decompression, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and blood transfusion. The dog of this report responded favorably to surgical decompression and was clinically normal 2 years after surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.6.803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T18:13:38Z","timestamp":1361988818000},"page":"803-806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Spinal cord compression secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis in a dog"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Lindsay M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd M.","family":"Skeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589503200417","article-title":"Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the choroid plexus of five dogs","volume":"32","author":"Bienzle","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1357-2","article-title":"Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia intermedia","volume":"19","author":"Haidar","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.4065\/78.10.1223","article-title":"Nonhepatosplenic extramedullary hematopoiesis: associated diseases, pathology, clinical course, and treatment","volume":"78","author":"Koch","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Textbook of veterinary internal medicine","first-page":"1914","article-title":"Nonregenerative anemia","volume":"Vol 2","author":"Ettinger","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1987.tb01997.x","article-title":"Fine-needle aspiration of the spleen as an aid in the diagnosis of splenomegaly","volume":"1","author":"O'Keefe","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1313","article-title":"Hypocellular marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis in a dog: hematologic recovery after splenectomy","volume":"188","author":"Kuehn","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00082-7","article-title":"Cytology of the spleen","volume":"33","author":"Christopher","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-6-45","article-title":"Extramedullary hematopoiesis in a case of benign mixed mammary tumor in a female dog: cytological and hisopathological assessment","volume":"6","author":"Grandi","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","first-page":"91","article-title":"Mammary mass aspirate from a Yorkshire Terrier","volume":"27","author":"Fernandes","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Hum Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.01.006","volume":"42","author":"Zherebitskiy","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"World J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v3.i3.82","article-title":"Paraparesis induced by extramedullary haematopoiesis","volume":"3","author":"Savini","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Eur J Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2005.04.010","article-title":"Extramedullary hematopoiesis with spinal cord compression in B-thalassemia intermedia","volume":"16","author":"Saghafi","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"1072","article-title":"Spinal cord compression secondary to extra medullary hematopoiesis","volume":"110","author":"Michel","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Can Med Assoc J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E798","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.091427","article-title":"Thalassemia and spinal cord compression in pregnancy","volume":"182","author":"Esfandbod","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-007-9453-9","article-title":"Cord compression caused by extramedullary hematopoiesis within the epidural space","volume":"86","author":"Baehring","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Med Case Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-4-319","article-title":"Extramedullary hematopoiesis presenting as a compressive cord and cerebral lesion in a patient without a significant hematologic disorder: a case report","volume":"4","author":"Seddighi","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Eur J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(99)00122-9","article-title":"MRI features of epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis","volume":"35","author":"Alorainy","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Eur J Haematol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0609.2000.9c165.x","article-title":"Hydroxyurea therapy in paraparesis and cauda equina syndrome due to extramedullary haematopoiesis in thalassaemia: improvement of clinical and haematological parameters","volume":"64","author":"Cianciulli","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.5326\/0430132","article-title":"Epidural spinal myelolipoma in a dog","volume":"43","author":"Ueno","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870001200115","article-title":"Extradural myelolipoma in a dog","volume":"12","author":"Newman","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"977","article-title":"Myelolipoma of the thoracic spine","volume":"18","author":"Omdal","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1129-z","article-title":"Extramedullary hematopoiesis in unusual locations in hematologically compromised and noncompromised patients","volume":"40","author":"Rajiah","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/242\/6\/javma.242.6.803.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/242\/6\/javma.242.6.803.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/242\/6\/javma.242.6.803.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:38:38Z","timestamp":1741347518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/242\/6\/javma.242.6.803.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.242.6.803","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]}}}