{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:40:00Z","timestamp":1789080000312,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To identify potential mechanisms for hypokalemia in dairy cows with left-displaced abomasum (LDA), right-displaced abomasum (RDA), or abomasal volvulus (AV).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective analysis of clinicopathologic data from 2 convenience samples of cows.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2014112 lactating dairy cows with AV (group 1); 1,332 lactating dairy cows (group 2) with LDA (n = 1,160) or RDA or AV (172).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Data were analyzed via Spearman \u03c1 and multivariate stepwise regression.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201478 of 112 (70%) group 1 cows were hypokalemic (mean serum potassium concentration, 3.5 mEq\/L; reference range, 3.9 to 5.8 mEq\/L). For group 1 cows, serum chloride concentration had the strongest positive association with serum potassium concentration, and serum potassium concentration was negatively associated with plasma bicarbonate and serum glucose, creatinine, and urea concentrations. Six hundred thirty-six of 1,160 (55%) of group 2 cows with LDA were hypokalemic (mean serum potassium concentration, 3.7 mEq\/L). Ninety-two of 172 (53%) group 2 cows with RDA or AV were hypokalemic (mean serum potassium concentration, 3.8 mEq\/L). For group 2 cows, serum chloride concentration had the strongest positive association with serum potassium concentration, and serum potassium concentration was negatively associated with indices of feed intake (serum bilirubin concentration) and hydration status.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested hypokalemia was associated with hypochloremia, alkalemia, low feed intake with high amount of milk produced, hypovolemia, and hyperglycemia in lactating dairy cows. Treatment of hypokalemia should include surgical correction of abomasal displacement, increased dietary potassium intake via dietary dry matter intake or oral administration of KCl, and correction of hypochloremia, alkalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and dehydration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.6.826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T18:13:38Z","timestamp":1361988818000},"page":"826-835","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Clinicopathologic variables associated with hypokalemia in lactating dairy cows with abomasal displacement or volvulus"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Constable","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Gr\u00fcnberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Staufenbiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry R.","family":"St\u00e4mpfli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed A","first-page":"110","article-title":"Serum electrolytes and parameters of acid-base content of blood and urine in cows with abomasal displacement (with consideration of the reflux syndrome) [in German]","volume":"32","author":"Voros","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"2077","article-title":"Preoperative prognostic indicators in cattle with abomasal volvulus","volume":"198","author":"Constable","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2004.00649.x","article-title":"Survival of dairy cows after surgery to correct abomasal displacement: 1. 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