{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T13:13:41Z","timestamp":1771593221113,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u20146 lactating dairy goats were examined because of acute mastitis.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Goats were considered to have endotoxemia on the basis of physical examination and clinicopathologic findings. The affected udder halves had gangrenous discolored distal portions with sharp demarcations from grossly normal tissue proximally. Udder secretions from the affected sides were serosanguineous in all cases. A <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> sp was isolated in pure cultures in all cases. In 1 case, the <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> sp was identified as <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Goats were treated for mastitis and endotoxemia with polyionic IV fluid therapy, systemic and intramammary antimicrobial administration, anti-inflammatory drug administration, and other supportive treatment. All goats survived to discharge. All except 1 goat had follow-up information available. The affected udder halves sloughed in 1 to 2 months following discharge. In subsequent lactations after the mastitis episodes, milk production in 2 of 5 goats was above the mean, as determined on the basis of Dairy Herd Improvement records, and 3 of 5 goats were voluntarily withdrawn from lactation. All 5 goats had successful kiddings after the <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> mastitis episode.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014<jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> sp should be considered as a causative agent in goats with gangrenous mastitis, especially when the <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> sp is isolated in a pure culture. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing is recommended for selection of an appropriate antimicrobial for treatment. Prognosis for survival appears to be good, although milk production may be decreased.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.6.836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T18:13:38Z","timestamp":1361988818000},"page":"836-843","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Gangrenous mastitis caused by Bacillus species in six goats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Vengai","family":"Mavangira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Angelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen M.","family":"Samitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan D.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Goat medicine","first-page":"3","article-title":"Fundamentals of goat practice","author":"Smith","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Aus Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1987.tb09605.x","article-title":"Experimentally induced lactic acidosis in the goat","volume":"64","author":"Cao","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology","first-page":"455","article-title":"Bacillus and other aerobic endospore-forming bacteria","author":"Logan","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01816-06","article-title":"Campylobacter insulaenigrae isolates from northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) in California","volume":"73","author":"Stoddard","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility test for bacteria isolated from animals. 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