{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:53:25Z","timestamp":1780480405484,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding used for unsanctioned racing was examined because of fever and anorexia.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Physical examination revealed fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Results of a CBC indicated anemia and mild thrombocytopenia. Results of microscopic examination of a blood smear indicated piroplasms in erythrocytes, consistent with <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> spp. Regulatory authorities were contacted, and results of serologic testing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories confirmed acute <jats:italic>Babesia equi<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Equids on the home premises of the index horse were placed under quarantine. Those equids were tested for piroplasmosis, and 6 of 63 horses had positive results for <jats:italic>B equi<\/jats:italic>. Another horse that had previously been housed on the index premises also had positive results for <jats:italic>B equi<\/jats:italic>. Competent tick vectors for piroplasmosis organisms were not identified. All 8 horses with piroplasmosis were Quarter Horses that participated in unsanctioned racing and were trained by the same person. Two of the horses were illegally removed from the index premises; these 2 horses and the other horse with piroplasmosis that was previously housed on the index premises could not be found. The other 5 horses with piroplasmosis were euthanized. Investigators concluded that transmission of <jats:italic>B equi<\/jats:italic> among horses was most likely iatrogenic.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The United States has been considered piroplasmosis free. However, veterinarians should consider piroplasmosis in horses with signalments and clinical signs similar to those of the index horse of this report. Regulatory authorities should be contacted regarding horses in which piroplasmosis is suspected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.7.992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,21]],"date-time":"2013-03-21T15:37:52Z","timestamp":1363880272000},"page":"992-996","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Babesia equi\u2013induced anemia in a Quarter Horse and subsequent regulatory response"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Laurie A.","family":"Beard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Pelzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie R.","family":"Rush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abra M.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley I.","family":"Galgut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Hennager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison O.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josie L.","family":"Traub-Dargatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"588","article-title":"Outbreak of equine piroplasmosis in Florida","volume":"240","author":"Short","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Equine piroplasmosis","first-page":"1","author":"Traub-Dargatz","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Acta Vet Hung","first-page":"367","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of canine babesiosis in Hungary (63 cases)","volume":"54","author":"Mathe","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"337","article-title":"Changes in anti-erythrocyte membrane antibody level of dogs experimentally infected with Babesia gibsoni","volume":"9","author":"Adachi","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"757","article-title":"Elevated erythrocyte-bound IgG value in dogs with clinical Babesia gibsoni infection","volume":"56","author":"Adachi","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"121","article-title":"Immunologic characteristics of anti-erythrocyte membrane antibody produced in dogs during Babesia gibsoni infection","volume":"57","author":"Adachi","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet 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merozoites","volume":"59","author":"Knowles","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Equine infectious diseases.","first-page":"465","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis","author":"Rothschild","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Br Vet J","first-page":"139","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis an update on diagnosis, treatment and prevention","volume":"152","author":"Br\u00fcning","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"49","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of experimental and natural Babesia equi and B. caballi infections","volume":"20","author":"Tenter","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"9","article-title":"Detection of Babesia equi (Laveran, 1901) by nested polymerase chain reaction","volume":"101","author":"Nicolaiewsky","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"APHIS approved laboratories for piroplasmosis"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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