{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:46:30Z","timestamp":1775742390839,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014An 8-month-old castrated male mixed-breed dog was evaluated because of hematuria, stranguria, and dysuria of approximately 2 weeks\u2019 duration that developed immediately following elective castration.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results of physical examination, ultrasonography, retrograde double-contrast cystourethrography, and urethroscopy were consistent with a traumatic urethral stricture immediately proximal to the os penis resulting in a partial obstruction of urine outflow. Results of ultrasonographic examination of abdominal organs were considered normal. Digital radiography revealed no evidence of calculi.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Balloon dilation of the urethral stricture was performed and was followed by 2 bougienage procedures during the subsequent 2 weeks when clinical signs returned. The owners declined scrotal urethrostomy, and a self-expanding, covered nitinol stent was placed approximately 3 weeks after the initial evaluation, resulting in amelioration of clinical signs. Results of follow-up urethroscopy and contrast cystourethrography 1 year after stent placement revealed a statically positioned, patent urethral stent, although a small number of polypoid mucosal structures were identified distal to the stent and 1 small structure consistent with tissue ingrowth into the stent was identified.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Placement of a covered nitinol stent resulted in long-term resolution of clinical signs associated with traumatic stricture of the penile urethra in this young dog. Because the os penis in dogs limits radial expansion of the urethra, its presence may limit the use of stents in this location.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.8.1117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]],"date-time":"2013-04-02T18:01:36Z","timestamp":1364925696000},"page":"1117-1121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Treatment of traumatic penile urethral stricture in a dog with a self-expanding, covered nitinol stent"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Ann-Marie","family":"Della Maggiore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele A.","family":"Steffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jodi L.","family":"Westropp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"226","article-title":"Evaluation of palliative stenting for management of malignant urethral obstructions in dogs","volume":"229","author":"Weisse","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"552","article-title":"Balloon dilation of a urethral stricture in a dog","volume":"83","author":"Bennett","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Endourol","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Direct vision balloon dilation for management of urethral strictures","volume":"25","author":"Gelman","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"358","article-title":"Porcine small intestinal submucosa augmentation urethroplasty and balloon dilation of a urethral stricture secondary to inadvertent prostatectomy in a dog","volume":"46","author":"Powers","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"547","article-title":"Endoscopic balloon dilation of benign esophageal strictures in dogs and cats","volume":"15","author":"Leib","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Eur Urol","first-page":"615","article-title":"Management of urethral stent failure for recurrent anterior urethral stricture","volume":"57","author":"Palminteri","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"1517","article-title":"Management of recurrent urethral strictures with covered retrievable expandable nitinol stents: long-term results","volume":"189","author":"Choi","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"356","article-title":"Treatment of male urethral strictures: is repeated dilation or internal urethrotomy useful?","volume":"160","author":"Heyns","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"685","article-title":"Adult anterior urethral strictures: a national practice patterns survey of board certified urologists in the United States","volume":"177","author":"Bullock","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Eur Radiol","first-page":"292","article-title":"Self-expanding nitinol stents: material and design considerations","volume":"14","author":"Stoeckel","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol","first-page":"562","article-title":"Micro-CT\u2013compatible technique for measuring self-expanding stent forces","volume":"21","author":"Nikolov","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"83","article-title":"Covered, retrievable, expandable urethral nitinol stent: feasibility study in dogs","volume":"223","author":"Ko","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol","first-page":"1884","article-title":"Evaluation of formation of granulation tissue caused by metallic stent placement in a rat urethral model","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"438","article-title":"Tissue hyperplasia: influence of a paclitaxel-eluting covered stent\u2014preliminary study in a canine urethral model","volume":"243","author":"Shin","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Urol Res","first-page":"295","article-title":"Nitinol urethral stents: long-term results in dogs","volume":"22","author":"Latal","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Eur Urol","first-page":"665","article-title":"Management of the failure of a permanently implanted urethral stent\u2014a therapeutic challenge","volume":"54","author":"Chapple","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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