{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:23:25Z","timestamp":1793809405244,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To describe clinical signs, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome and determine factors associated with survival time for dogs with thymoma.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Multi-institutional retrospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014116 dogs with thymoma.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Medical records were searched for information regarding signalment, physical examination findings, results of laboratory testing and diagnostic imaging, medical and surgical treatment, and survival data.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Of the 116 dogs with thymoma, 44 (38%) were Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers. Twenty of 116 (17%) dogs had signs of myasthenia gravis (diagnosis was confirmed for 13 dogs). At the time of thymoma diagnosis, 40 (34%) dogs had hypercalcemia, 8 (7%) dogs had a concurrent immune-mediated disease, and 31 (27%) dogs had another tumor; 16 (14%) dogs developed a second nonthymic tumor at a later date. Tumor excision was performed for 84 dogs, after which 14 (17%) had tumor recurrence; prognosis was good for dogs undergoing a second surgery. Median survival time with and without surgical treatment was 635 and 76 days, respectively. Presence of another tumor at the time of thymoma diagnosis, lack of surgical excision, and higher pathological stage were significantly associated with shorter survival time. Hypercalcemia and presence of myasthenia gravis or megaesophagus at the time of thymoma diagnosis, histopathologic subtype of thymoma, or tumor development at a later date was not associated with survival time.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Dogs with thymoma, even those with a large tumor burden or a paraneoplastic syndrome, had a good prognosis following surgery. Surgical treatment, tumor stage, and the presence of a second tumor at diagnosis influenced survival time.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.10.1448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]],"date-time":"2013-10-30T10:56:34Z","timestamp":1383130594000},"page":"1448-1454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Clinical features, treatment options, and outcome in dogs with thymoma: 116 cases (1999\u20132010)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Cecilia S.","family":"Robat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Cesario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Gaeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mairin","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Schrempp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruthanne","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2005.00456.x","article-title":"Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a rabbit","volume":"16","author":"Florizoone","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03439.x","article-title":"Resolution of exfoliative dermatitis and Malassezia pachydermatis overgrowth in a cat after surgical thymoma resection","volume":"38","author":"Forster-Van Hijfte","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-37-5-483","article-title":"Radiotherapy in three suspect cases of feline thymoma","volume":"37","author":"Kaser-Hotz","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.41-4-429","article-title":"Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in cats","volume":"41","author":"Rottenberg","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"757","article-title":"Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis with post-thymectomy myasthenia gravis in a cat","volume":"51","author":"Singh","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.8.1186","article-title":"Results of excision of thymoma in cats and dogs: 20 cases (1984\u20132005)","volume":"232","author":"Zitz","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Thymoma in dogs: 23 cases (1980\u20131991)","volume":"205","author":"Atwater","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03492.x","article-title":"Review of thymic pathology in 30 cats and 36 dogs","volume":"38","author":"Day","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(85)50034-0","article-title":"Canine thymoma","volume":"15","author":"Aronsohn","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/030098587601300505","article-title":"Thymomas in domestic animals","volume":"13","author":"Parker","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"593","article-title":"Veterinary diagnostic imaging. 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