{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:05:19Z","timestamp":1792692319085,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 14-year-old 8.2-kg (18.04-lb) castrated male Cairn Terrier with chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the left eye was evaluated because of severe blepharospasm and a black plaque of 3 weeks\u2019 duration.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Abnormalities of the left eye included a decreased Schirmer tear test value and the presence of a brownish-black plaque in the center of the cornea. The plaque was surrounded by fibrovascular tissue except at the medial aspect where there was mild malacia of the adjacent corneal stroma.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014The plaque was removed by superficial keratectomy, and a conjunctival graft was performed. Histologic evaluation of the plaque and surrounding cornea revealed ulceration, stromal necrosis, and chronic suppurative keratitis with fibrosis and neovascularization. Evaluation of plaque sections that were stained with Gram and Von-Kossa stains yielded negative results for bacteria and mineralization, respectively; examination of sections stained with periodic acid\u2013Schiff stain revealed multiple intracytoplasmic inclusions in macrophages. Virus isolation and a PCR assay for canine herpesvirus yielded negative results. Transmission electron microscopy revealed collagen disruption with interspersed macrophages and apoptotic keratocytes; no viral particles or evidence of other infectious agents was observed. The graft healed without complication and was trimmed 2 weeks after surgery. Four months after surgery, the Schirmer tear test value remained decreased from reference limits despite topical tacrolimus treatment, and pigmentary keratopathy was present surrounding the graft.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Corneal sequestra are rare in species other than cats. In this dog, it was possible that chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca might have contributed to the development of the corneal sequestrum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.12.1751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]],"date-time":"2013-12-03T21:16:02Z","timestamp":1386105362000},"page":"1751-1755","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Corneal sequestrum in a dog with chronic unilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Alexis J.","family":"Dubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Pizzirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian L.","family":"Beamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2004.04028.x","article-title":"Feline corneal sequestra: a review of 64 cases (80 eyes) from 1993 to 2000","volume":"7","author":"Featherstone","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"24","article-title":"Feline corneal sequestration: a retrospective study of 42 cases (1987\u20131991)","volume":"30","author":"Morgan","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1988.tb03515.x","article-title":"Corneal necrosis and sequestration in the cat: a review and record of 100 cases","volume":"29","author":"Startup","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Equine ophthalmology","article-title":"Diseases of the cornea and sclera. 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