{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T05:25:49Z","timestamp":1768886749212,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 3-year-old 19-kg (42-lb) spayed female mixed-breed dog was referred after being hit by a car. Injuries included pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusions, a full-thickness axillary skin wound, and a grade I transverse fracture of the midshaft of the right humerus. Following patient stabilization, open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture were performed. The dog had weight-bearing lameness at the time of discharge. Eight days after fracture repair, the dog was reevaluated for acute onset of signs of pain and non\u2013weight-bearing lameness in the right forelimb.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Findings<\/jats:bold>\u2014Physical examination findings in the right forelimb (knuckling and coolness, with absent digital pulses) were suggestive of a thrombus. Ultrasonography confirmed a right brachial artery thrombus with minimal blood flow to the affected limb.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Treatment and Outcome<\/jats:bold>\u2014Unfractionated heparin was administered via continuous IV infusion for the first 36 hours of hospitalization. Clopidogrel administration was also started at this time. During hospitalization, rapid clinical improvement occurred, and the dog was discharged 48 hours after admission. The transition to outpatient therapy was achieved by discontinuation of the unfractionated heparin infusion at 36 hours and beginning SC administration of dalteparin. Outpatient treatment with dalteparin and clopidogrel was continued. Repeated physical examination and ultrasonography 5 weeks later revealed resolution of the thrombus and normal blood flow to the limb. Anticoagulant administration was discontinued at that time.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Thrombosis should be suspected in any dog with signs of acute pain after severe trauma or fracture repair, with or without concurrent lameness, that do not resolve with appropriate treatment. Restoration of blood flow to the affected limb after initiation of unfractionated heparin and clopidogrel administration followed by outpatient treatment with dalteparin and clopidogrel was achieved in this case.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.3.394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T19:57:43Z","timestamp":1374177463000},"page":"394-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Arterial thrombosis after vehicular trauma and humeral fracture in a dog"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Kristina M.","family":"DePaula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armelle M.","family":"deLaforcade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan G.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Hughs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy J.","family":"Boudrieau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.1993.tb00099.x","article-title":"Clinical and pathological features of aortic thromboembolism in 36 dogs","volume":"3","author":"Van Winkle","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03176.x","article-title":"Aortic and iliac thrombosis in six dogs","volume":"41","author":"Boswood","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.11.1735","article-title":"Clinicopathologic findings and outcome in dogs with infective endocarditis: 71 cases (1992\u20132005)","volume":"228","author":"Sykes","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2003.tb00177.x","article-title":"Portal vein and aortic thromboses in a Siberian husky with ehrlichiosis and hypothyroidism","volume":"44","author":"Bressler","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00013.x","article-title":"Aortic and iliac thrombosis associated with angiosarcoma of skeletal muscle in a dog","volume":"47","author":"Wray","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2005.04008.x","article-title":"Management of femoral artery thrombosis in an immature dog","volume":"15","author":"Tater","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Thromb Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2008.10.002","article-title":"Hypercoagulability after trauma: hemostatic changes and relationship to venous thromboembolism","volume":"124","author":"Selby","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"52","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in critically ill children after trauma","volume":"68","author":"Hanson","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Injury","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(88)90180-5","article-title":"Axillary artery thrombosis following a fracture of the neck of the humerus","volume":"19","author":"Sathyarup","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vasa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526.37.3.274","article-title":"Axillary artery injury associated with proximal humerus fractures","volume":"37","author":"Mouzopoulos","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199003000-00022","article-title":"Management of blunt injuries of the axillary artery and the neck of the humerus: case report","volume":"30","author":"Laverick","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"234","article-title":"Axillary artery injury as a complication of proximal humeral fractures. 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