{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:23:03Z","timestamp":1788942183118,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate the association of treatment factors during initial urinary catheterization (IUC) of cats with recurrence of urethral obstruction at 24 hours and 30 days after catheter removal.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective case series.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014192 male cats with urethral obstruction that were treated at an emergency and specialty center from 2004 through 2010.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Data were obtained from the cats\u2019 medical records. Duration of indwelling catheterization, catheterization with a 5F versus 3.5F urinary catheter, treatment with phenoxybenzamine versus prazosin, consistent administration of pain medication, and treatment with meloxicam or antimicrobials during IUC were reviewed for association with rate of recurrent urethral obstruction (rUO).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Overall rUO rates were 10.94% (21\/192 cats) at 24 hours and 23.57% (37\/157 cats) at 30 days after IUC. At 24 hours and 30 days after IUC, rUO developed in 10 of 140 (7.14%) and 20 of 110 (18.18%) prazosin-treated cats, respectively, compared with 10 of 46 (21.74%) and 16 of 41 (39.02%) phenoxybenzamine-treated cats, respectively. Reobstruction developed following use of a 5F or 3.5F urinary catheter in 11 of 58 (18.97%) and 7 of 105 (6.67%) cats, respectively, through 24 hours. There was no association between rUO and duration of urinary catheterization, administration of antimicrobials or meloxicam, or consistent administration of pain medication during IUC.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014At 24 hours and 30 days after IUC, rUO rates in prazosin-treated cats were significantly lower than rates in phenoxybenzamine-treated cats. Reobstruction rate at 24 hours was significantly lower when a 3.5F versus 5F urinary catheter was used.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.4.512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,31]],"date-time":"2013-07-31T10:37:56Z","timestamp":1375267076000},"page":"512-519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Initial treatment factors associated with feline urethral obstruction recurrence rate: 192 cases (2004\u20132010)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Hetrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth B.","family":"Davidow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Evaluation of trends in frequency of urethrostomy for treatment of urethral obstruction in cats","first-page":"502","volume":"221","author":"Lekcharoensuk","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Medical management of feline urethral obstruction","first-page":"483","volume":"26","author":"Osborne","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Characterization and treatment of acid-base and renal defects due to urethral obstruction in cats","first-page":"801","volume":"172","author":"Burrows","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Characterization of the clinical characteristics, electrolytes, acid-base, and renal parameters in male cats with urethral obstruction","first-page":"227","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"A protocol for managing urethral obstruction in male cats without urethral catheterization","first-page":"1261","volume":"237","author":"Cooper","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Recurrence of feline urethral obstruction","first-page":"93","volume":"174","author":"Bov\u00e9e","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Guarded long-term prognosis in male cats with urethral obstruction","first-page":"16","volume":"10","author":"Gerber","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Urethral obstruction in cats: predisposing factors, clinical, clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis","first-page":"101","volume":"13","author":"Segev","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Urinary tract emergencies","first-page":"359","volume":"35","author":"Rieser","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Urethral obstruction in cats","first-page":"951","author":"Drobatz","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Recent concepts in feline lower urinary tract disease","first-page":"147","volume":"35","author":"Hostutler","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Feline lower urinary tract disease","first-page":"1828","author":"Westropp","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Effects of acepromazine maleate and phenoxybenzamine on urethral pressure profiles of anesthetized, healthy, sexually intact male cats","first-page":"1497","volume":"57","author":"Marks","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Effect of therapy on susceptibility to urinary tract infection in male cats with indwelling urethral catheters","first-page":"64","volume":"6","author":"Barsanti","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Urethral pressure profile and hemodynamic effects of phenoxybenzamine and prazosin in non-sedated male Beagle dogs","first-page":"30","volume":"67","author":"Fischer","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Urethral pressure response to smooth and skeletal muscle relaxants in anesthetized, adult male cats with naturally acquired urethral obstruction","first-page":"919","volume":"56","author":"Straeter-Knowlen","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Feline idiopathic lower urinary tract disease. 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