{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T17:56:53Z","timestamp":1789408613152,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To obtain epidemiological information on rabies in bats in Texas.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Epidemiological study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2014Laboratory reports of bats that had been submitted for rabies testing in Texas from 2001 through 2010.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Laboratory reports were reviewed to obtain information on seasonality of rabies in bats; distribution, species, and rabies virus variants of rabid bats; and human and domestic animal exposures to rabid bats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The number of rabid bats during the first 5 years of the study period remained static until a &gt; 2-fold increase in 2006; during the subsequent 4 years, the annual number of rabid bats remained at this higher level, including a peak in 2008. The highest proportions of rabid bats were seen in late summer and early fall. The Brazilian free-tailed bat (<jats:italic>Tadarida brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>) was the most often affected species. Additionally, the rabies virus variant associated with the Brazilian free-tailed bat was the most prevalent. The percentage of rabid bats from urban areas was greater than that from rural areas. Dogs and cats were the domestic animals most frequently exposed to rabid bats. Most humans exposed to rabid bats did not report a known bite or scratch. The highest numbers of humans exposed to rabid bats were males between 11 to 15 years old.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Information on the epidemiology of rabies in bats and the epidemiology of exposures to rabid bats may be useful in planning and implementing local, state, and national rabies control and prevention campaigns and in encouraging rabies vaccination of domestic animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.8.1129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,4]],"date-time":"2013-10-04T14:41:23Z","timestamp":1380897683000},"page":"1129-1137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Epidemiology of rabies in bats in Texas (2001\u20132010)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Bonny C.","family":"Mayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest H.","family":"Oertli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick R.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney E.","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Yearly rabies reports","year":"2001\u20132010"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Bats of Texas","author":"Schmidly","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Bats of Texas","author":"Ammerman","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.6.773","article-title":"Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2010","volume":"239","author":"Blanton","year":"2011"},{"issue":"RR-3","key":"ref5","series-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human rabies prevention\u2014United States, 2008: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices","volume":"57","author":"Manning","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.5.616","article-title":"Epidemiology of rabies in skunks in Texas","volume":"234","author":"Oertli","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Texas administrative code","article-title":"Chapter 169, zoonosis control. Sub-chapter A, rabies control and eradication","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.24.4.573-580.1986","article-title":"Demonstration of antigenic variation among rabies virus isolates by using monoclonal antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Modern clinical molecular techniques","first-page":"197","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis and epidemiology of rabies","author":"Rohde","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Nucleic Acids Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D46","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1024","article-title":"GenBank","volume":"38","author":"Benson","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188836","article-title":"Host phylogeny constrains cross-species emergence and establishment of rabies virus in bats","volume":"329","author":"Streicker","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Tex J Sci","first-page":"137","article-title":"New county records for six species of bats (Vespertilionidae and Molossidae) in Texas","volume":"48","author":"Tipps","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Occasional papers","first-page":"1","article-title":"Noteworthy county records for 14 bat species based on specimens submitted to the Texas Department of State Health Services","volume":"315","author":"Demere","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Texas State Data Center and Office of the State Demographer","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Congress Avenue Bridge","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0839","article-title":"Trends in national surveillance data for bat rabies in the United States: 2001\u20132009","volume":"12","author":"Patyk","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Public Health Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2307\/4593153","article-title":"Bat rabies in the southwestern United States","volume":"82","author":"Constantine","year":"1967"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Human rabies","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1208.051526","article-title":"Bat\u2013associated rabies virus in skunks","volume":"12","author":"Leslie","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.785","article-title":"Evaluation of oral rabies vaccination programs for control of rabies epizootics in coyotes and gray foxes: 1995\u20132003","volume":"227","author":"Sidwa","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"US Geological Survey circular","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Bat rabies and other lyssavirus infections","author":"Constantine","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.12.1395","article-title":"Evaluation of a postexposure rabies prophylaxis protocol for domestic animals in Texas: 2000\u20132009","volume":"237","author":"Wilson","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Census 2000 datasets"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"2010 census briefs. 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