{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T17:17:32Z","timestamp":1787246252916,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine how frequently <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> spp were identified on the periocular skin of dogs and assess the respective associations between the presence of <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> spp on the periocular skin and blepharitis, ocular discharge, and the application of ophthalmic medications.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective clinical study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014167 eyelids of 84 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Samples obtained from the surface of the eyelid skin by use of adhesive tape were evaluated cytologically for the presence of <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> spp. Dogs were grouped on the basis of the presence of blepharitis, nature of ocular discharge, and whether ophthalmic medications were applied, and the proportion of samples with <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> spp was compared among the groups.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014<jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> spp were detected in 19 samples, of which 15 were obtained from eyes without blepharitis and 14 were obtained from eyes treated with topical ophthalmic medications. The proportion of samples with <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> spp was significantly higher for eyes with ocular discharge than for eyes without ocular discharge, especially if that discharge was mucoid or mucopurulent, and for eyes that were treated with aqueous-based medications only or a combination of oil- and aqueous-based medications than for eyes that were not treated.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014<jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> organisms were detected on the periocular skin of 3 of 56 (5%) clinically normal dogs. <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> organisms were also frequently found on the periocular skin of dogs that had mucoid or mucopurulent ocular discharge or that were administered topical aqueous-based ophthalmic medications, and the periocular skin of these dogs should be cytologically evaluated for <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic> organisms. <jats:italic>(J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2014;244:1304\u20131308)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.11.1304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T22:33:20Z","timestamp":1400625200000},"page":"1304-1308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Malassezia spp on the periocular skin of dogs and their association with blepharitis, ocular discharge, and the application of ophthalmic medications"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"244","author":[{"given":"Georgina M.","family":"Newbold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Outerbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Maggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Med Mycol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-280X.1999.00237.x","article-title":"Malassezia pachydermatis: a review","volume":"37","author":"Guillot","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Israel J Vet Med","first-page":"145","article-title":"Prevalence of Malassezia pachydermatis and other organisms in healthy and infected dog ears","volume":"57","author":"Kumar","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870501700403","article-title":"Frequency, body distribution, and population size of Malassezia species in healthy dogs and in dogs with localized cutaneous lesions","volume":"17","author":"Cafarchia","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim 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report","volume":"28","author":"Derbel","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Jpn J Med Mycol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3314\/jjmm.43.189","article-title":"A case of seborrheic blepharitis: treatment with itraconazole","volume":"43","author":"Ninomiya","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2007.12.001","article-title":"Canine conjunctivitis and blepharitis","volume":"38","author":"Pena","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Drugs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200262110-00004","article-title":"Ocular allergy guidelines: a practical treatment algorithm","volume":"62","author":"Bielory","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2010.00889.x","article-title":"Treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: 2010 clinical practice guidelines from the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"21","author":"Olivry","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00346-4","article-title":"The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (XIV): clinical manifestations of canine atopic dermatitis","volume":"81","author":"Griffin","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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