{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:23:04Z","timestamp":1780500184560,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To measure thiamine concentrations in commercial canned foods formulated for cats as an initial assessment of the variation among canned foods and to determine the effects of flavor (fish vs nonfish) of the food, texture (pat\u00e9 vs nonpat\u00e9) of the food, country of manufacture, and size of the company on thiamine concentration.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\u201490 canned, nontherapeutic diets formulated for cats (1 fish and 1 nonfish flavor for each of 45 brands).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Each canned food was homogenized, and thiamine concentration was analyzed with a fluorometric method.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Thiamine concentration was below the minimums of the Association of American Feed Control Officials in 12 of 90 (13.3%) foods and below the recommended allowance of the National Research Council in 14 of 90 (15.6%) foods. Pat\u00e9 foods had significantly lower thiamine concentrations than did nonpat\u00e9 foods, and foods from smaller companies had significantly lower thiamine concentrations, compared with concentrations in foods from larger companies. Flavor of food and country of manufacture were not significantly associated with thiamine concentration.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014A wide range of thiamine concentrations was found in the foods evaluated. Thiamine concentration in a substantial percentage of commercially available canned foods was below the amount recommended for adult cats. Additional research on interlot and intralot variation in thiamine concentrations of foods formulated for cats is warranted. Companies should implement strict quality control and analysis practices regarding food products. Clinicians should consider thiamine deficiency as a differential diagnosis in a cat with acute neurologic dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.2.175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,30]],"date-time":"2013-12-30T15:37:05Z","timestamp":1388417825000},"page":"175-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Analysis of thiamine concentrations in commercial canned foods formulated for cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"244","author":[{"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Markovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cailin R.","family":"Heinze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Pet food recall products list"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.130.5.94","article-title":"Thiamin deficiency in a colony of cats","volume":"130","author":"Davidson","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"109","article-title":"Naturally-occurring and experimental thiamin deficiency in cats receiving commercial cat food","volume":"11","author":"Loew","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.160.8.270","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of features of thiamine deficiency in a cat","volume":"160","author":"Penderis","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0747.x","article-title":"Reversible encephalopathy secondary to thiamine deficiency in 3 cats ingesting commercial diets","volume":"25","author":"Marks","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"2012 official publication","first-page":"141","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Official methods of analysis","article-title":"Modified methods 942.23","author":"International","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Top petfood companies","author":"Taylor"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats","first-page":"354","article-title":"Nutrient requirements and dietary nutrient concentrations","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Small animal clinical nutrition","first-page":"157","article-title":"Commercial pet foods","author":"Crane","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats","first-page":"193","article-title":"Vitamins","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Nutr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/89.4.419","article-title":"Anti-thiamine activity in Hawaii fish","volume":"89","author":"Hilker","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.5.649","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency in dogs and cats","volume":"243","author":"Markovich","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/244\/2\/javma.244.2.175.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/244\/2\/javma.244.2.175.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/244\/2\/javma.244.2.175.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:42:46Z","timestamp":1741347766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/244\/2\/javma.244.2.175.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.244.2.175","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]}}}