{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:09:24Z","timestamp":1775768964775,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To determine incidence of animal bite injuries among humans in North Carolina by use of statewide emergency department visit data; to evaluate incidence rates on the basis of age, sex, urbanicity, biting species, and month for selected species; and to characterize bite-related emergency department visits.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective cohort and cross-sectional study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Records of 38,971 incident animal bite\u2013related emergency department visits in North Carolina from 2008 to 2010.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Emergency department visits were selected for inclusion by means of external-cause-of-injury codes assigned with an international coding system and keyword searches of chief complaint and triage notes. Rates were calculated with denominators obtained from census data. Cross-sectional analysis of incident emergency department visits was performed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014By the age of 10, a child in North Carolina had a 1 in 50 risk of dog bite injury requiring an emergency department visit. Incidence rates for dog bites were highest for children \u2264 14 years of age, whereas the incidence rate for cat bites and scratches was highest among individuals &gt; 79 years of age. Lifetime risk of cat bite or scratch injury requiring an emergency department visit was 1 in 60 for the population studied. Rabies postexposure prophylaxis was administered during 1,664 of 38,971 (4.3%) incident visits.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Emergency department visit surveillance data were used to monitor species-specific bite incidence statewide and in various subpopulations. Emergency department surveillance data may be particularly useful to public health veterinarians. Results may inform and renew interest in targeted animal bite prevention efforts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.5.597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]],"date-time":"2014-02-18T10:48:26Z","timestamp":1392720506000},"page":"597-603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Use of statewide emergency department surveillance data to assess incidence of animal bite injuries among humans in North Carolina"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"244","author":[{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Rhea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy I.","family":"Ising","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"2009\u20132010 APPA national pet owners survey","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.3.336","article-title":"Animal bites","volume":"234","author":"Patronek","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Wilderness Environ Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1580\/08-WEME-OR-213.1","article-title":"Human fatalities resulting from dog attacks in the United States, 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addition to chief complaint keyword searches for identification of animal bite\u2013related emergency department visits","volume":"127","author":"Rhea","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"51","article-title":"Incidence of dog bite injuries treated in emergency departments","volume":"279","author":"Weiss","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Mo Med","first-page":"565","article-title":"Emergency department visits and hospitalizations resulting from dog bites, Kansas City, MO, 1998\u20132002","volume":"102","author":"Hoff","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Minn Med","first-page":"43","article-title":"Hospital-treated dog bites in Minnesota, 1998\u20132005","volume":"90","author":"Day","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"The UNC Department of Emergency Medicine Carolina Center for Health Informatics report. 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