{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T02:47:00Z","timestamp":1784861220380,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe the technique and evaluate short- and long-term outcomes in female dogs after endoscopic-guided laser ablation (ELA) of various vestibulovaginal septal remnants (VVSRs).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201436 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of dogs with VVSRs that underwent ELA were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent complete cystourethrovaginoscopy for diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopic-guided laser ablation (with a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet or diode laser) was used to transect the vaginal membrane. Patients with intramural ectopic ureters were concurrently treated with ELA of their ectopic ureters. Endoscopy was repeated 6 to 8 weeks after ELA of vaginal remnants in some patients, and the procedure sites were reassessed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201436 female dogs with persistent paramesonephric septal remnants (n = 19), vaginal septa (11), or dual vaginas (6) were included. Twenty-six dogs had urinary incontinence, 2 had recurrent UTIs, and 8 had both. Thirty of 36 (83%) dogs had concurrent ectopic ureters. Endoscopic-guided laser ablation was performed with holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet and diode lasers in 8 and 28 dogs, respectively. Five dogs had mild postoperative dysuria for &lt; 24 hours. One patient developed a complication involving inadvertent laser perforation of the vaginal wall. There were no negative effects from this event, and the perforation was fully healed within 8 weeks. At the time of follow-up, all defects were fully healed with no sign of recurrence in the 18 (50%) patients reevaluated. There was a significant improvement in continence scores and a significantly decreased incidence of UTIs after ELA. The median follow-up time was 34 months (range, 8 to 57 months).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevence<\/jats:bold>\u2014The results of the present study indicated that ELA provided an effective, safe, and minimally invasive treatment option for various VVSRs in dogs, avoiding the need for more invasive surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.8.944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T14:02:54Z","timestamp":1396533774000},"page":"944-949","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Endoscopic-guided laser ablation of vestibulovaginal septal remnants in dogs: 36 cases (2007\u20132011)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"244","author":[{"given":"Stacy","family":"Burdick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyson C.","family":"Berent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chick","family":"Weisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Langston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"56","article-title":"Vaginal septa in dogs: 15 cases (1983\u20131992)","volume":"206","author":"Root","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1889","article-title":"Vestibulovaginal stenosis in dogs: 18 cases (1987\u20131995)","volume":"209","author":"Kyles","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1981.tb01394.x","article-title":"Congenital vestibulo-vaginal stenosis in the 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(1992\u20132000)","volume":"223","author":"Cannizzo","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Theriogenology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.10.027","article-title":"Vestibular, vaginal and urethral relationships in spayed and intact normal dogs","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.7.972","article-title":"Vaginal resection and anastomosis for treatment of vestibulovaginal stenosis in 4 dogs with recurrent urinary tract infections","volume":"239","author":"Kieves","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00703.x","article-title":"Vestibular, vaginal and urethral relations in spayed dogs with and without lower urinary tract signs","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.6.716","article-title":"Evaluation of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of intramural ectopic ureters in female dogs","volume":"240","author":"Berent","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.995","article-title":"Influence of vestibulovaginal stenosis, pelvic bladder, and recessed vulva on response to treatment for clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in dogs: 38 cases (1990\u20131999)","volume":"221","author":"Crawford","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(01)50205-3","article-title":"Surgery of the canine vagina and vulva","volume":"31","author":"Mathews","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.7.1026","article-title":"Use of cytoscopicguided laser ablation for treatment of intramural ureteral ectopia in male dogs: four cases (2006\u20132007)","volume":"232","author":"Berent","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.2.191","article-title":"Cystoscopic diagnosis and treatment of ectopic ureters in female dogs: 16 cases (2005\u20132008)","volume":"237","author":"Smith","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1984.tb03427.x","article-title":"An evaluation of positive contrast vagino-urethrography as a diagnostic aid in the 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